1: Aurelio di Baldasare - New Device
Gyronny gules and argent, a bull passant guardant Or within a bordure sable.
His name submission appears on AEthelmearc LoI AE105 dated June 28, 2007.
Herald of Record: Alheydis von Körckhingen
2: Corbinus de Cuvae - New Name & New Device
Vert, on a bend azure fimbriated argent a flanged mace Or.
Submitter desires a male name.
Sound (Kor-bee-nus de Koo-vay) most important.
Corbinus - Morlet, Les Noms de Personne sur le Territoire de l'Ancienne Gaule du VI aux XII Siecle: Les Noms Latins ou Transmis par le Latin, p. 37, s.n. Corbinus, describes this as a surname derived from the "nom commun, corvus, corbeaut." And mentionsa Saint Corbinien of the 7th century.
The Carticulaire du St. Aubin, [URL: http://chaucer.library.emory.edu/charters/html/index.htm], in the section entitled "CVIII-CXXIII CARTE DE PRUNARIS", pp. 125-151, entry no. CXX, includes the names of signators of a "notice de l'abandon" dateable to 1127-1154, including a person with the single name <Corbinus>.
Steven Fanning, "A Bishop and his World before the Gregorian Reform: Hubert of Angers, 1006-1047" (Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 78, Part I, 1988) includes the transcription of a charter dateable to 1040-1046 witnessed by one Corbinus de Zalla
Cuvae - Dauzat, Dictionaire etymologique des noms de lieux, p. 236, s.n. Cuvat, dates the placename Cuvae (modern Cuves) to 1174.
Herald of Record: Alheydis von Körckhingen
3: Faith of Rayne - Resub Name Change From Holding Name
Old Item: Faith of Hunter's Home, to be released.
Submitter desires a female name.
Her old name was registered as a holding name in February of 2006 (via AEthelmearc).
Faith - This is stated to be the submitter's legal first name, however no proof was submitted.
Talan Gwynek, "Late Sixteenth Century English Given Names: Women's Names listed by frequency" (WWW: Brian M. Scott, 1999) [URL: http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/eng16/eng16ffreq.html] counts one occurance of the name in a data set of about 660 feminine given names.
of Rayne - Rayne: From early times to the present day, (The Ryane Branch of the Workers Educational Association, 1977), viewable online at the Rayne Village Website of modern day Rayne, Essex [URL: http://www.rayne-info.org.uk/history/page3.htm] quotes the jury of Hinckford Hundred, 1563, as follows:
The jure preentith for our soveraygn lady the Quenes majestie that there oone bredge called Clabbredge lying betwene the parysshe of Brantre and Rayne ruyonously decayed in default tymber works so that nether postmen nor horseman pasying by can not passe without danger but who should make yt we knowe not.
Herald of Record: Cigfran
4: Garrett Williamson - New Name
Submitter desires a male name.
No major changes.
The submitter cares most about spelling.
Garrett - Withycombe, p. 131, s.n. Gerard, dates Garrett to 16th c. Royal accounts, and states that "Garret is given as a christian name by Camden 1605 and Lyford 1655.
Williamson - Karen Larsdatter, "Bynames Found in the 1523 Subsidy Roll for York and Ainsty" [URL: http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/york16/bynamesalphabetically.htm] counts seven occurances of Williamson in three locations.
Herald of Record: Alheydis von Körckhingen
5: Gille MacDhonuill - New Badge
(Fieldless) An oak leaf bandwise sinister inverted gules.
The submitter's name was registered in November 1992 via the East.
Herald of Record: Gille MacDhonuill
6: Gille MacDhonuill - New Badge
(Fieldless) Three oak leaves in pall inverted stems joined to center gules.
The submitter's name was registered in November 1992 via the East.
Herald of Record: Gille MacDhonuill
7: Hildegardis quae et Berthegund - New Name & New Device
Checky Or and Sable, on a pile indented Sable a bee volant Or.
Language (Frankish) most important.
Culture (Carolingian) most important.
general construction form - Academy of Saint Gabriel report no. 2397 states:
As we mentioned in our last letter [1], most people in 9th century France did not have bynames or surnames according to the usual notion of these terms. In examples that we found, the few people identified with more than one element names were usually recorded as being known by a different name, in the form of "X, also known as Y." Here are some examples that we found (all recorded in Latin): [2]Grimo qui et Adalgisus, "Grimo, who [is] also Adalgisus"
Erempertus qui et Atto, "Erempertus, who [is] also Atto"
Aldigerus alias Ermenulfus, "Aldigerus, also known as Ermenulfus"
Adelberga quae cognominabatur Ava, "Adelberge, who was called Ava"
Atta sive Angilsuinda, "Atta, or Angilsuinda"
Not all of these are from the 9th century, but they are typical of the types of descriptions that we found. It's not clear why a person was known by different names. In some cases it seems as if one name is a pet form of the other, but in others, like <Grimo qui et Adalgisus>, there is no relationship between the two. It's possible that these people changed their names at some point or that they were known by two different names for reasons we simply don't understand. However, we are certain that on any particular occasion, a person would have been called by one name or the other, not both at once. We have collected a number of more popular feminine names from your period: any of them would be appropriate to construct a name along the lines of "Alia, also known as <blank>." We would like to note that in such a name, the feminine form of the byname would be <quae>; <qui> is the masculine form.
Hildegardis - Academy of Saint Gabriel report no. 2397 continues:
The following feminine names are all found in the 9th century. [3]Adalgardis
Adelaidis
Albrada
Aliberta
Alitrudis
Ermengardis
Ermensindis
Harildis
Arsindis, Airsenda
Hildegardis
Hildesendis, Eldesendis
Berthegund - Magistra Nicolaa de Bracton of Leicester, "Early Germanic Names from Primary Sources" [URL: http://members.tripod.com/nicolaa5/articles/german.html] lists the submitted spelling among "Women's Names from Gregory of Tours' History of the Franks" (available in Penguin classics ) (Merovingian period, 5th-7th centuries)
Herald of Record: Siobhan of House Thorgard
8: Lasairfhíona inghean Uí Ghallchobhair - New Name
Submitter desires a female name.
No major changes.
Language (Irish Gaelic) most important.
Lasairfhíona - Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Lasairfhíona" (WWW: Kathleen M. O'Brien, 2000-2004) [URL: http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/AnnalsIndex/Feminine/Lasairfhiona.shtml] counts 11 women with this name in the annals dated 1239, 1279, 1282, 1363, 1373, 1381, 1418, 1419, 1436, 1454, 1456, 1457, 1527. The submitted spelling is given as the standard Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c1200-c1700) form.
inghean Uí - Sharon L. Krossa, "Quick and Easy Gaelic Names" (WWW: Sharon L. Krossa, 2006) states:
The standard way to form a name using an Irish clan affiliation byname for women is:<single given name> inghean Uí <eponymous clan ancestor's name (in genitive case & always lenited unless starting with a vowel)>.
Ghallchobhair - OCM, p. 109, s.n. Gallchobar: Gallchobhar, gives the meaning of this masculine name as "perhaps, `lover of foreigners"" and calls it a "relatively uncommon early name" from which the modern surname O Gallchobhair is derived.
MacLysaght, p. 117, s.n. (O) Gallagher, gives the Gaelic form as Ó Gallchobhair. The submitted form includes the added -h- for lenition and -i- for genitive case.
Herald of Record: Alheydis von Körckhingen
9: Marian of Blackwood - New Name & New Device
Quarterly argent semy of trefoils sable and sable, a rose proper.
Submitter desires a female name.
No holding name.
No major changes.
Client requests authenticity for 16th century English.
Marian - Talan Gwynek, "Late Sixteenth Century English Given Names: Women's Names listed by frequency" (WWW: Brian M. Scott, 1999) [URL: http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/eng16/eng16ffreq.html] counts 5 occurences of the submitted spelling in data set of about 660 late 16th century feminine names.
Blackwood - Ekwall, p. 47, s.n. Blackwood, gives the submitted spelling as a header form and dates Blakwodto 1280, and le Blacwodeto 1308, but gives no later forms.
A. D. Mills, Dictionary of English Place-names, p. 41, s.n. Blackpool, dates the spelling Black- to 1602. Eckwall, p. 219, s.n. Harewood, dates -wood to as early as 1246 and on p. 223, s.n. Harwood, to as early as 1301.
The SCA group name Blackwood, Shire of was registered in March of 1993 (via Meridies).
Herald of Record: (submitter)
10: Marija Kotok - New Badge
Per saltire sable and gules, a lion couchant argent.
THIS IS A KINGDOM LEVEL RESUBMISSION
Her name is currently registered as Mariia Kotova. Her name change to Marija Kotok appeared on AEthelmearc External LoI AE98 ated October 26, 2006 and was pended at Laurel in February 2007.
Her previously submitted badge, (Fieldless) a catamount couchant argent, was submitted on ILoI AE89 October 1, 2005 and was returned at Kingdom on LoR Æ89 dated November 24, 2005
Herald of Record: Marianna Molin di Salerno
11: Sionn, the Lost - New Name & New Device
Per band sinister azure and vert, on a bend sinister between a compass rose and a candle argent with candlestick Or three questions marks sable.
Submitter desires a male name.
No major changes.
The submitter cares most about spelling.Sionn - "Traditional Gaelic Names" at http://namenerds.com/scottish/gaelicguy.html lists Sionn with the meaning "fox".
The "Bibliography of Irish Linguistics and Literature" website of the School of Celtic Studies, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies prvides an index to its holdings at: http://bill.celt.dias.ie/vol4/index2.html. The index lists Sionnas a Scottish Gaelic entry. The link leads to an entry which references: Hamp, Eric P., "The Laud Herbal Glossary and English-Celtic contacts" found in Cambrian medieval Celtic studies 18, (1989), pp. 113-116 and summarizes the references as follows:
<bockquote>Identifies entry 1315 sion as Irish and suggests a derivation from CC *textit{spitextsubarch{i}on}-.
Ainmean Chloinne, Scottish Gaelic Names for Children, s.n. Sionn states: "Legendary. Said in the tales to be a king and progenitor of a family that had the craftiness of foxes, to whom indeed they were related. Sionnach is Gaelic for fox."
the Lost - no documentation was provided for the byname
The submitter provided a printout of the Lingual Weirdness Table showing that the combination of Scots and English is "no weirdness." However, the documentation supports Sionn only as a Gaelic name. The combination of Gaelic and English is a weirdness.
Note the following two name returns:
Corwynn the Lost. Name.Although names of the form X the Lost has been registered in the past, English bynames were not formed from adjectival past participles, and previous Laurels have been returning names for that reason. Da'ud ibn Auda, in the September, 1994 LoAR, wrote: "[Modifying `the Brown-eyed'] English bynames were not formed from adjectival past participles. We have substituted the documented form.". Given that the name already has a weirdness with the use of Corwynn, which is undocumented but SCA compatible, we are not willing to give the byname the benefit of the doubt. The name must be returned barring documentation that such bynames were found. [July 1999]
Ælfric the Lost. Name.
The English byname the Lost has been ruled SCA compatible. Use of an element which is only SCA compatible is a weirdness. Mixing English with Old English in the same name was ruled registerable, though a weirdness, in the LoAR of October 2001 (Meridies acceptances, Saxsa Corduan). Therefore, this name has two weirdnesses, one for use of an SCA compatible element and one for the lingual mix, and so must be returned. If the Lost could be shown to be a translation of an Old English byname, this name would be registerable via the Lingua Anglica Allowance.
Herald of Record: Cigfran
The submission includes a photocopy from Marc Drogin, Medieval Calligraphy, Its History and Technique, p. 138, which shows a gothic question mark lettered c. 1400. The question marks in the emblazon are soundly based on this example. The submitter provided lengthy documentation on the history of punctuation, all of which concludes that the earliest form of the punctus interrogativus was a rising squiggle following the usual punctus at the end of a sentanece. This rising squiggle is presumed to indicate the rising tone of voice at the end of a question. One source states, in the chapter on early Gothic, "In general you would not be amiss to use all forms of modern punctuation in writing Early Gothic." Unfortunately, neither the title page of that source not any publication information was provided. Additional sources are drawn from:
"Manuscript Studies: Medieval and Early Modern: IV.vii.Paleography: Punctuation" [URL: http://www.ialberta.ca/~sreimer/ms-course/course/punc.htm] which states:
Punctus interrogativus (which sometimes looks like a tilde or just a squiggle above a period): used to indicate the end of a question (rising intonation). First appearing in the eighth century, it was not commonly used, since questions were easily recognized from their syntax. The modern form (?) and usage is a seventeenth-century invention.
"Medieval Writing: Punctuation (2)" [URL: http://medievalwriting.50megs.com/scripts/punctuation/punctuation2.htm], which shows a squiggle-type question mark from an early 9th century Lives of the Fathers (Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale MS 8216-18, f.85) This question mark does not look like the Gothic question mark in the submitted emblazon.
Wikipedia, s.v. Question mark [URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Question_mark] states:
The symbol is generally thought to originate from the Latin quæstio, meaning "question", which was abbreviated to Qo. The uppercase Q was written above the lowercase o, and this mark was transformed into the modern symbol.[citation needed]Another hypothesis about the origin of the question mark proposes that it originated in the 9th century, when it appeared as a point followed by the curved portion written slanted (similar to the tilde).[citation needed] Lynne Truss attributes an early form to Alcuin of York.[2] Truss describes the punctus interrogativus of the late 700s as "a lightning flash, striking from right to left." The name "question mark" was coined in the late 1800s.[3]
The point has always indicated the end of a sentence. The curved line represented the intonation pattern of a spoken question,[citation needed] and may be associated with a kind of early musical notation, like neumes.[citation needed]
[Alheydis: I see no reason to include any of the documentation on the question mark other than the Drogin page which shows the form used in the emblazon. Comments?]
Note the following LoAR decisions:
Wolfangus MhicMairghdhin. (badge for Clan Moot). Argent, a Norse onelegged serpent vert entwined about a question mark erect azure. (Punctus interrogativus).NOTE: The term erect implies that the question mark is not "inclined to the right," the nominal default orientation for the charge. DISCUSSION: The original rejection for this submission stated, "The question mark is out of period. What was used in our period is a wavy hyphen over a period." (WvS, 16 Sep 1980, p. 5) The objection was clearly to the specific charge, not to the use of punctuation marks in general. Lord Wolfangus has provided documentation that refutes the original objection, no conflicts have been reported, and the submission is not in obvious violation of the rules. I feel we have a moral obligation to approve this particular submission. It is my judgement, however, that punctuation marks are even less heraldic than letters of the alphabet, and so are not suitable for use in SCA heraldry. I will treat this submission as an exception, for the reasons stated, but will not allow this badge to be cited as precedent in the future. [September 1984]
Elijah Tynker. Device. Per pale argent and sable, in pale a sickle and roundel counterchanged.
This device must be returned, as by long standing precedent, a single abstract symbol may not be registered. As previously noted, "[in pale a fleam inverted and a roundel] ... the combination of the fleam inverted and the roundel creates the appearance of a single charge -- a question mark -- instead of two separate charges. [Dafydd Ó Nuallain, 11/99, R-East]." On resubmission the submitter should show evidence that the use of punctuation marks - or a combination of charges that appears to be a punctuation mark - is compatible with period heraldic practice. [December 2005]