Æthelmearc Internal Letter of Intent Æ114
October 1, 2008

1: Adrienne MacLeod - New Name & New Device

Argent, a bear statant sable between three roses gules barbed and seeded azure.

Submitter desires a feminine name.
No major changes.
Sound (as spelled) most important.

The submission form notes that this name and a device were returned at kingdom level by the Outlands College of Heralds circa 2000. The earliest Outlands LoR available at the Outlands College of Heralds website dates to October 2001.

Adrienne - This is the submitter's legal given name. Both Mari Elspeth nic Bryan and Elisabeth de Rossignol attest on the submission form to having seen the submitter's driver's license as evidence of the submitter's legal given name as Adrienne.

Aryanhwy merch Catmael, Masculine Names from Artois, 1601" [http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/french/1601masc.htm l] counts 12 occurrences of Adrien as a masculine given name in the data set.

MacLeod - Reaney and Wilson, p. 292, s.n. MacLeod, date Gillandres MacLeod to 1227. The byname here is intended as an inherited surname rather than a functional patronymic.

Herald of Record: Pennsic

2: Aíbell ingen Diarmata - Resub Device

Or, flaunches gules and in fess three snails counterchanged.

The submitter's name was registered in October of 2006 (via AEthelmearc).

The submitter's previous submission of Or, flaunches gules and in fess three snails counterchanged was returned by Laurel on the LoAR of October 2006 with the following comments:

This device is returned for a redraw. Flaunches should issue from the top corners of the shield. In the submitted emblazon, the top of the shield is nearly divided into three even parts by the intersection of these flaunches with the top of the shield.

Herald of Record: Alheydis von Körckhingen

3: Ailis Linne - New Badge

(Fieldless) a mullet of five points voided and interlaced within and conjoined to an annulet azure.

The submitter's name was registered in January of 2000 (via AEthelmearc).

Herald of Record: Pennsic

4: Alheydis von Körckhingen - New Release of Badge

Azure, a decrescent argent within an orle Or.

This badge was registered to the submitter in November of 2004 (via AEthelmearc).

Herald of Record: Alheydis von Körckhingen

5: Alianor de Ravenglas - New Device

Argent, a bend azure between two ravens and a chief sable.

The submitter's name was registered in August of 2002 (via the East).

Herald of Record: Pennsic

6: Battista di Lupo Speranza - New Name & New Device

Per bend sinister sable and vert, a compass star and a wolf dormant argent.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No major changes.
Language (Irish) most important.
Culture (Irish) most important.

Battista - Ferrante LaVolpe, "Italian Names from Florance, 1427" [http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/ferrante/catasto /] under "Alphabetical names list" [http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/ferrante/catasto/names.tx t] counts 17 occurrences of this name in the data set.

Lupo - De Felice, Dizionario dei Nomi Italiani, p. 242, s.n. Lupo, states that the name comes from the local cult of St. Lupo (5th century).

Speranza - N.F. Faraglia, "1800 Surnames Recorded in 1447" [http://www.abruzzoheritage.com/magazine/2002_06/d.ht m] under "Letter -S-" lists the submitted spelling.

The pattern of <given name>+di+<father's given name>+<family name> is attested in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Names from Arezzo, Italy, 1386-1528". This article discusses naming patterns found in the data set, and states that the pattern "gdgf" [the pattern here submitted] accounts for 28.7% of the full names in the raw data.

Herald of Record: Pennsic

7: Beowulf fitz Malcolm - Resub Device

Quarterly purpure and sable, a sun eclipsed of the field, a bordure embattled argent.

8: Bj{o,}rn Ulfreksson - New Name & New Device

Per pale Or and azure, a bear rampant sustaining a spear counterchanged.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
Client requests authenticity for 10th century Norse.
Language (would like surname as close to Wulfricson [sic]) most important.
Culture most important.

Bj{o,}rn - Geirr Bassi, p. 8 counts 42 occurrences of this given name in the Landnámabók.

Ulfrekr - E. H. Lind, Norsk-Isländska Dopnamn ock Fingerade Namn från Medeltiden, p. 1055, s.n. Úlfrekr, dates:

• ulfrikr, 1000
• Helghe Vlfreks, 1308
• Bardr Wlfreks s., 1320
• Ulfrekar, 1328
• Ulfræker Ionsson, 1384
• Þorkæil Vlfræks-, Vlfrekson, 1391
• Siger Wlfrekson, 1421
• Siugurda Vlfreks s., 1424

Geirr Bassi, p. 17, gives the genitive ending of names ending in -r as -s, which then takes the ending -son to form the patronym. Thus, Ulfrekr would yield Ulfreksson as a patronym.

Herald of Record: Pennsic

9: Bj{o,}rn Ulfreksson - New Badge

Per pale Or and azure, a bear's head cabossed counterchanged.

The submitter's name and device is submitted above.

Herald of Record: Pennsic

10: Cainder ingen Chonchobair - New Name & New Device

Argent, a saltire gules between in fess a thistle proper and a shamrock vert.

No major changes.
Client requests authenticity for 12th-13th century Ireland.
Language (12th-13th century Ireland) most important.
Culture (12th-13th century Ireland) most important.

Cainder - OCM, p. 43, give this as the pre-1200 spelling of this female name and list three Christian Saints who bore the name.

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Feminine Given Names (listed alphabetically)" does not include this name.

ingen - Sharon Krossa, "Quick and Easy Gaelic Names" under "Simple Patronymic Byname" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotnames/quickgaelicbynames/#simplepatronymicbynam e] states:

The standard way to form a name using a simple patronymic byname for women is: <single given name> inghean <father's given name (in genitive case & always lenited unless starting with D, T, L, N, R, or a vowel)>.

Sharon L. Krossa, "A Simple Guide to Constructing 12th Century Scottish Gaelic Names" [http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/simplescotgaelicnames12.ht m] gives ingen as the corresponding pre-1200 spelling.

Chonchobair - MacLysaght, p. 55, s.n. Mac Connor, gives the Gaelic as Mac Conchobhair.

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Conchobar / Conchobhar" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Conchobar.shtm l] gives Conchobair as the normalized Old Irish Gaelic (c700-c900) genitive form and Middle Irish Gaelic (c900-c1200) genitive form. The annals include entries in the years 706, 760, 769, 772, 832, 935, 965, 973, 979, 1089, 1104, 1122, 1126, 1201, 1202, 1268, 1271, 1346, 1401, 1403, 1413, 1414, 1429, 1448, 1450, 1452, 1463, 1466, 1468, 1473, 1475, 1483, 1493, 1498, 1508, 1513, 1516 and 1603. The submitted normalized genitive form is not found in the raw data, but the normalized nominative form Conchobar is found the years 979, 1346, 1401, 1403, 1413 and 1508.

The medial h is added for lenition, per Sharon L. Krossa, "The Spelling of Lenited Consonants in Gaelic" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotlang/lenition.shtm l].

Herald of Record: Cailtilín ní Mhaolchonaire

11: Cainnech Chille Dhara - New Name & New Device

Argent, a spear gules winged sable.

Submitter desires a feminine name.
No major changes.
Sound most important.

Cainnech - Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Cainnech" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Feminine/Cainnech.shtm l] gives this as the normalized Middle Irish Gaelic (c900-c1200) form, and dates it to the years 924, 927, 928 and 929.

Chille Dhara - meaning "of Kildare"

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Eilionora" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Feminine/Eilionora.shtm l] gives the name Eilénóra, ingen Iarla Chille Dara in the raw data dated to 1497. The form is here lenited for a woman and in the genitive case.

The submission forms states: "NB: Kildare encyclopedia Britannica, Irish form Cill Dara, Calhedrale date 1229." However, no photocopy was provided.

The LoAR of June 2006 [http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2006/06/06-06lar.htm l] s.n. Moire of Kildare states:

The submitter requested a name authentic for 16th C Ireland but accepted only minor changes. For a truly authentic 16th C Irish name, we suggest using Early Modern Irish forms for the given name and byname, and we also suggest adding a patronymic. We have no examples of full names for Irish women in the 16th C that do not include a patronymic byname. The Annals of the Four Masters 1597 entry has "Ro freccradh na fóccarta sin la h-iarla Cille Dara, la Gallaibh Midhe, & Laighen." ("These orders were responded to by the Earl of Kildare, and by the English of Meath and Leinster."). Since an authentic 16th C Irish name would include a patronymic, we've selected one at random--mic Feilim occurs in the entry of the Annals cited above, so we'll use its feminine equivalent, inghean Fheilim as an example. Máire Chille Dhara inghean Fheilim is an example of an authentic 16th C Irish name using the Irish forms of the name elements submitted here. A fully English form, Mary of Kildare would also be appropriate for 16th C Ireland.

Herald of Record: Pennsic

12: Charles de Pomerai - New Name & New Device

Or, a lion rampant and in chief three apples gules, a bordure engrailed sable.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No major changes.
Language (Norman c. 1200) most important.
Culture (Norman c. 1200) most important.

Charles - Withycombe, p. 62, s.n. Charles, dates the submitted spelling, Charles, to 1273.

de Pomerai - Reany and Wilson, p. 357, s.n. Pomeroy, dates Ralph de Pomerai to 1086.

A letter of permission to conflict with the arms of Margarete Pomeroy, Argent, a lion rampant and in chief three apples gules, a bordure engrailed sable [submitted below], is included.

Herald of Record: Elsbeth Anne Roth

13: Christina Buttermann - New Name & New Device

Per chevron Or and sable, two roses sable and a harp Or.

Submitter desires a feminine name.
Client requests authenticity for German or English; 13th-14th century.

Christina - As an English name, Withycombe, p. 65, s.n. Christina, states: "The earlist example of the name noted is Christina, sister of Edgar Atheling, who was born in Hungary and fl. 1086. It had been in use in England ever since but, until recently, was not as common as Christian (q.v.)." Withycombe dates Cristina to 1273.

Reany and Wilson, p. 96, s.n. Christin, dates Cristina de Burlingeham to 1221.

As a German name, Bahlow, 2nd ed., p. 67, s.n. Christine, states only that the name is "well known on account of Gustavus Adolphus's daughter, the Queen of Sweden and the movie about her" and that the usualy 18th c. form was Christiane.

Brechenmacher, p. 115, s.n. Cristiner, states that the header form(s) are derived from the baptismal name Christian and mentions the place-name St. Christina in Ravensburg.

Buttermann - An an English name, Reaney and Wilson, p. 77, s.n. Butter, dates Thomas Butterman to 1302.

As a German name, Bahlow, 2nd ed., p. 66, s.n. Buttermann gives the meaning as "butter dealer" but gives no dated forms.

Brechenmacher, vol. 1, p. 258, s.n. Buttermann, dates Tileman Butterman (aud Rheinberg) to 1590. Ibid, p. 193, s.n. Bottermann, gives:

• Sigfridus B[ottermann] zu Hamburg, 1251
• Joh. Botterman aus Wesel, 1436
• Magnus Boterman aus Everswinkel, 1591

Herald of Record: Pennsic

14: Christopher Logan of Lockley - New Name & New Device

Per pale purpure and argent, a cross of Jerusalem counterchanged.

Submitter desires a masculine name.

The submitter provided no documentation at all. However, I find:

Christopher - Withycombe, p. 65, s.n. Christopher, states in part:

Bardsley's earliest example of the name in England is of the 14th C, and he says he found none in the Hundred Rolls of 1273. There are however, examples on the name in the Curia Regis Rolls for 1201 and 1220, though it is certainly uncommon until the 15th C when it becomes more frequent (examples are Christofre Crease 1450, Crysteffor Johnson 1491, Christouer Hobye 1483).

Withycombe lists:

• Christopherus, 1201-3, 1220
• Cristoforus, 1379
• Cristofre, 14th-C
• Christofur, 1513

Logan - Reaney and Wilson, p. 283, s.n. Logan, state that the name is a locative "from Logan (ayr), or from minor places of this name" and they list:

• Robert Logan 1204
• Walter, Thurbrand de Logan 1230, 1272

Bardsley has no header for Logan

Black, p. 436-7, s.n. Logan, lists:

• Robert Logan, 1204
• Adam de Logan, 1226
• Walter de Logan, 1230
• William Logan, 1272

In support of Logan as a surname born by occupants of places other than towns named Logan, Black, loc. cit., lists:

• Wautier Logan of Lanarkshire, 1296
• Andreu de Logan of Wigtownshire, 1296

although it is unclear whether these shires may have included places named Logan within them.

Lockley - Reaney and Wilson, p. 282, s.n. Lockley, state that the name is a locative "from Lockleys in Welwyn (Herts)" and they list:

• Peter de Lockelee, 1199-1200
• Osbert de Lockeleg, 1226

Bardsley, 491, s.n. Lockley, gives the entry: "Local, 'of Lockerley' (?), a parish in co. Southampton, six miles from Ramsey." He gives:

• John Lockley, 1549
• Roger Lockley, 1580

Neither Mills nor Ekwall include Lockley as a header, although both list Lockerley.

Mills, p. 224, s.n. Lockerley, gives dates Locherlega to 1086.

Ekwall, p. 302, s.n. Lockerley, gives:

• Locherlega,c Locherslei, Doomsday Book
• Lokerlay, 1194
• Lokerle, 1203

Herald of Record for name: (submitter)

Herald of Record for device: Pennsic

15: Christopher Logan of Lockley - New Badge

Vert, on a cross argent between in chief two lion's heads erased adorssed Or a cross potent purpure.

The Submitter's name and device are submitted above.

Herald of Record: Pennsic

16: Ciaran Faolán Ó Tighearnaigh - New Name

Submitter desires a masculine name.
Sound most important.
Language (Irish) most important.
Culture (Irish) most important.

Ciaran - OCM, p. 51, s.n. Ciarán, give the meaning of this masculine name as "dark, black" and states that early Irish sources count some 26 saints of the name. OCM further states that "Ciarán never became common as a secular name in the early period."

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Ciarán" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Ciaran.shtm l] gives Ciarán as the normalized Old Irish Gaelic (c700-c900) nominative form and the normalized Middle Irish Gaelic (c900-c1200) nominative form. The article counts 10 occurrences of the name in the annals in the years 512, 517, 549, 620, 743, 775, 784, 882, 921, 928, 938 and 1061.

Faolán - OCM, p. 92, s.n. Fáelán:Faolán, give the meaning of this masculine given name as "wolf" and state that it is "a common early name especially among the royal familes of Leinster." The entry counts 14 saints of the name.

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan. "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Fáelán / Faolán" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Faelan.shtm l] gives Fáelán as the normalized Old Irish Gaelic (c700-c900) and Middle Irish Gaelic (c900-c1200) nominative form, but gives Faolán as the normalized Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c1200-c1700) nominative form. The article counts 19 occurrences of the name in the annals in the years 628, 633, 658, 660, 665, 666, 676, 678, 711, 733, 735, 738, 781, 785, 786, 799, 804, 891, 923, 940, 942, 951, 958, 964, 979, 980, 1010, 1033, 1041, 1042, 1051, 1063, 1069, 1128, 1161, 1203 and 1423.

Ó - Sharon L. Krossa, "Quick and Easy Gaelic Names", under Clan Affiliation Bynames [http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotnames/quickgaelicbynames/#clanaffiliationbynam e] states:

The standard way to form a name using an Irish clan affiliation byname for men is: <single given name> Ó <eponymous clan ancestor's name (in genitive case)> which means <given name> male descendant <of eponymous clan ancestor>

Tighearnaigh - MacLysaght, p. 286, s.n. (O) Tierney, gives the Gaelic as Ó Tighearnaigh but gives no dated forms.

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Tigernach" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Tigernach.shtm l] gives Tigernach as the normalized Old Irish Gaelic (c700-c900) and Middle Irish Gaelic (c900-c1200) nominative form, and Tigernaig as the normalized Old Irish Gaelic (c700-c900) and Middle Irish Gaelic (c900-c1200) genitive form. The spelling Tighearnach appears in a nominative context in the raw data under years 822, 865, 884 and 916.

Herald of Record: Livia Valentini

17: Conrad Kienast - New Name & New Device

Per bend sinister urdy argent and vert.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No major changes.
Language (German) most important.
Culture (German) most important.

Conrad - Withycombe, p. 72, s.n. Conrad, gives the origin as Old German Conrad, Chonrad and states that it was the name of a 10th c. saint and Bishop of Constance. According to Withycombe, the name "is essentially a German name, but has been occassionally used in England, the earliest example noted being Conrad Nye, rector of Foxley, Wilts, from 1436."

Brechenmacher, vol. II, p. 90, s.n. Konrad, dates Conr. filius Conradi to 1297. Ibid., s.n. Konrat(t)er, describes this header name as a patronym derived from Konrad and dates Lukas Conratter to 1499.

Kienast - Bahlow, p. 265, s.n. Kien, gives the meaning of the submitted name as "branch of a pine or fir tree" and dates Heinrich Chienast to 1286.

Herald of Record: Pennsic

18: Cormac O'Gadhra - Resub Device

Per chevron sable and vert, a lion dormant and in chief a decrescent argent within a bordure ermine.

The submitter's name was registered in May of 1998 (via AEthelmearc).

The submitter's previous submission of Per chevron sable and vert, a decrescent and a lion dormant argent, a bordure ermine was returned with the following comments:

This device is returned, as the charges are not clearly co-primary or clearly a primary and secondary charge. If the lion were the sole primary, we would expect it to lie on both portions of the field. If the charges are co-primary, the decrescent should be drawn larger, which is not possible with the bordure and the steeply drawn per chevron line of division. We believe that the problem would be ameliorated if there were two charges in chief, not just one.

Herald of Record: Pennsic

19: Dominic Beniamin - New Name

No changes.

Dominic - Academy of St. Gabriel report 3261 [http://www.s-gabriel.org/326 1] states:

The name <Dominic> came into use as an ordinary given name in England in the 13th Century in honor of Saint Dominic founder of the order of preachers. [1]

Withycombe, p. 85, s.n. Dominic(k), states:

In England itis found as a monk's name in Anglo-Saxon times, but did not come into use as an ordinary christian name until the 13th C, in honour of St. Dominic (1170-1221), founder of the Order of Preachers. It was used at first as both a m. and a f. name, sometimes appearing as Dominick, sometimes as Dominy; Domenyk occurs in the 15th C. The name was never common in England, and after the Reformation was used almost exclusively by Roman Catholics until quite recently....

Beniamin - Academy of St. Gabriel report 3261 [http://www.s-gabriel.org/326 1] states:

In the 13th Century it is most likely that the byname meaning "son of Benjamin" would have simply been the name <Benjamin>. The name was not common during the Middle Ages, but in the 12th century, we find the spelling <Beniamin>, as well as a man named <Roger Beniamin> in 1166 (his father was probably named <Beniamin>). [2] We also found a reference to find one <Caterina fil. Benjamini> 'Caterina daughter of Benjamin' in 1273. [3] During your period, i and j were variants of the same letter, but in general, i was more common than j when the letter occurred internally within a word (as opposed to being the first or last letter). We can recommend <Dominic Beniamin> as good recreation for your period.

Footnote [2] references Reaney and Wilson; footnote [3] references Bardsley

Herald of Record: (submitter)

20: Eckhart von Insterburg - New Name & New Device

Per bend sinister argent fretty vert azure, in base a winged lion sejant argent.

Submitter desires a masculine name.

Eckhart - Bahlow, p. 93, s.n. Eckhardt, gives the meaning as "bold with the sword" and states that the name was very popular in the middle ages. The entry mentions "Meister Eckhart", the German mystic, who was active c. 1300.

Brechenmacher, vol. I, p. 376, dates the submitted spelling as a patronym in Jost Eckhart dated to 1558.

von - German preposition meaning "of" or "from"

Insterburg - Bahlow, Deutschland Geographiche Namenwelt, p. 238, gives the location of this place-name as East Prussia and gives the derivation as from the name of the Inster River, as in Angerburg from the Anger River.

Herald of Record: Pennsic

21: Edward of Blackthorn - New Name & New Device

Per pale paen and gules, a bull rampant argent.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No major changes.
Language (14th century England) most important.
Culture (14th century England) most important.

Edward - Withycombe, p. 94, s.n. Edward, dates the name to 1187 as Edwardus.

Reaney and Wilson, p. 151-152, s.n. Edward, gives:

• William Edward, 1219
• Cristina Edwardis, 1279
• John Edwards, 1498

Blackthorn - Reaney and Wilson, p. 47, s.n. Blackthorn, give:

• de Blakethorn, 1276
• Blakethorn, 1379
• Blakthorn, 1442

In support of the submitted spelling of Black-, ibid. s.n. Blackston, dates Blackstan to 1235-42.

Herald of Record: Pennsic

22: Egill the Dane - New Alternate Name & New Badge

Brecc Ruadan Finn

(Fieldless) An acord vert capped Or.

Brecc - OCM, p. 33, s.n. Brecc: Breac, state: "This name was fairly widely used in early medieval Ireland especially in Munster where it gave rise to the surname Uí Bricc (O Brick).

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Masculine Given Names" does not list this given name.

Ruadan - OCM, p. 157, s.n. Rúadán:Rúadhán, give this as a masculine name from rúad "red-haired" and mention St Rúadán, founder of the monastery of Lorrha.

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Rúadán" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Ruadan.shtm l] gives one occurrence of this as a given name in the annals dated to 904. In the raw data the name is spelled Ruadhan. The normalized Middle Irish Gaelic (c900-1200) nominative form is given as Rúadán.

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Descriptive Bynames: Ruadh" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/DescriptiveBynames/Ruadh.shtm l] gives Ruad as the normalized Middle Irish Gaelic (c900-c1200) nominative form of this describtive byname and counts 78 occurrences in the annals distributed evenly among the years 1039-1597.

Finn - OCM, p. 100, s.n. Finn:Fionn, gives the meaning of this descriptive byname as "fair, bright white, light-hued" and mentions several legendary bearers of the name, stating further that "in the later middle ages, the name remained in use especially among the O Dempseys and the O Driscolls."

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Descriptive Bynames: Finn/Fionn" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/DescriptiveBynames/Fionn.shtm l] gives the submitted spelling as one of two normalized Old Irish Gaelic (c700-c900) nominative forms and one of two normalized Middle Irish Gaelic (c900-c1200) nominative forms. The article counts 23 occurrences of the name in the annals in the years: 572, 667, 670, 671, 681, 747, 778, 974, 997, 1066, 1126, 1135, 1161, 1260, 1289, 1342, 1362, 1387, 1419, 1422, 1467, 1470, 1476, 1478, 1489, 1490, 1501, 1503, 1508, 1519, 1543, 1544 and 1557.

Herald of Record: Livia Valentini

23: Fáelán mac Geróit - New Name & New Device

Quarterly argent and sable, a wolf's head cabossed counterchanged maintaining in its mouth three thistles slipped inverted counterchanges argent and gules.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
Client requests authenticity for 8th-9th century Gaelic-speaking Scotland.
Meaning (Faelan son of Garoit) most important.

Fáelán - OCM, p. 92, s.n. Fáelán:Faolán, gives the meaning as "wolf" and states that "Fáelán is a common early name especially among the Royal families of Leinster" and mentions three kings of Leinster of the name between the 7th and 9th centuries, as well as 14 saints of the name.

[http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Faelan.shtm l] gives Fáelán as the normalized Old Irish Gaelic (c700-c900) and Middle Irish Gaelic (c900-c1200) nominative form and counts 19 occurrences of the name in the annals in the years 628, 633, 658, 660, 665, 666, 676, 678, 711, 733, 735, 738, 781, 785, 786, 799, 804, 891, 923, 940, 942, 951, 958, 964, 979, 980, 1010, 1033, 1041, 1042, 1051, 1063, 1069, 1128, 1161, 1203 and 1423.

mac - Gaelic meaning "son." Sharon L. Krossa, "Quick and Easy Gaelic Names" under "Simple Patronymic Byname" states:

The standard way to form a name using a simple patronymic byname for men is: <single given name> mac <father's given name (in genitive case & sometimes lenited)> which means <given name> son <of father's given name>

Geróit - OCM, p. 110, s.n. Geróit:Gearóid, states that this "is one of the Irish forms of the name Gerald... brought into Ireland by the Anglo-Normans. The other, and perhaps earlier, form is Gerald, Geralt. These two forms were considered to be different names in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries... The diminutive Geróitín, which is masculine, not feminine, occures as early as the thirteenth century..."

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Gearóid" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Gearoid.shtm l] gives Gearóid as the normalized Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c1200-c1700) nominative and genitive form and counts only one occurrence of the name in 1486.

Herald of Record: Pennsic

24: Felicitas Flußmüllnerin - New Name & New Device

Sable, on a nesselblatt Or a waterwheel gules.

Submitter desires a feminine name.
Meaning (wife of miller by river) most important.

Felicitas - Socin, p. 90, dates Felicitas Schwester des Humbert von Divonne to 1179.

Flußmüllnerin - intended meaning is "wife of a miller by a/the river"

Flußmüllner - Bahlow, Deutschland Geographiche Namenwelt, s.n. Floverich, gives Fluß, meaning "river, as a name element.

Brechenmacher, vol. II, p. 749, s.n. Wassermüller dates Urban Wassermoller aus Gießmannsdorf to 1534. (Wasser means "water" whereas Fluß means "river.")

Ibid, p. 293, s.n. Müllner describes this as "die älter, früh stark zurückgedrängte Form von Müller" [the older and (literally) "early strongly pushed back" form of Müller] and gives:

• Hainr. Molendarius, 1200
• Conr Mulnere, 1222
• Jacob der Mülner, 1265

Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Women's Surnames in 15th- and 16th-Century Germany" [http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/german/womenssurnames.htm l] analyzes the patterns of feminine German bynames and states:

In the Baden-Württemberg 1495 data, if the woman's husband was still living, she would be referred to almost exclusive as "his wife", with her husband preceding her in the entry. However, if she was a widow, or the head of her household, than invariably she was given with either the feminine form of her husband's or father's surname. The standard way of forming a feminine form of a surname is by adding -in to the end of it,...

Among High German dialects, feminizations ending with -in account for 28.7% of the bynames in the Rottweill dataset; 56.5% of the Kulmbach data set; and, 66.3% of the Nürnberg data set.

Herald of Record: Pennsic

25: Fiachna mac Cennétig - New Name & New Device

Quarterly vert and azure, a heraldic dolphin naiant embowed between three pairs of battle axes in saltire Or.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No major changes.
Language (Irish Gaelic) most important.
Culture (Irish Gaelic) most important.

Fiachna - Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Fiachna" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Fiachna.shtm l] gives Fiachna as the normalized Old Irish Gaelic (c700-c900) and Middle Irish Gaelic (c900-c1200) nominative form and counts three occurrences of the name in the years 752, 845 and 1086.

mac - Sharon L. Krossa, "Quick and Easy Gaelic Names" under "Simple Patronymic Byname" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotnames/quickgaelicbynames/#simplepatronymicbynam e] states:

The standard way to form a name using a simple patronymic byname for men is: <single given name> mac <father's given name (in genitive case & sometimes lenited)> which means <given name> son <of father's given name>

Cennétig - Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Cennétig " [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Cennetig.shtm l] gives Cennétig as the normalized Middle Irish Gaelic (c900-c1200) nominative and genitive form and counts one occurrences of the name in the year 1159.

Herald of Record: Pennsic

26: Fiona ingen ui Fhaolain - New Device

The submitter's name was registered in July of 2000 (via AEthelmearc).

Herald of Record: Pennsic

27: Fridrich Flußmüllner - New Name & New Device

Sable, on a schnecke Or issuant from sinister chief, a waterwheel gules.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
Meaning (miller by the river) most important.

Fridrich - Brechenmacher, vol. I, p. 506, s.n. Friedrich, gives:

• Chuonrat Friderichs, 1313
• Uolrich Friderichs, 1317

Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "German Names from Nürnberg, 1497: A - M" [http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/german/surnamesnurna-m.htm l] counts one occurrence of the submitted spelling in the cities surrounding Nürnberg.

Flußmüllner - intended meaning is "miller by a/the river"

Bahlow, Deutschland Geographiche Namenwelt, s.n. Floverich, gives Fluß, meaning "river, as a name element.

Brechenmacher, vol. II, p. 749, s.n. Wassermüller dates Urban Wassermoller aus Gießmannsdorf to 1534. (Wasser means "water" whereas Fluß means "river.")

Ibid, p. 293, s.n. Müllner describes this as "die älter, früh stark zurückgedrängte Form von Müller" [the older and (literally) "early strongly pushed back" form of Müller] and gives:

• Hainr. Molendarius, 1200
• Conr Mulnere, 1222
• Jacob der Mülner, 1265

The Pennsic submission form states that the submitter will accept Wassermüller if necessary, however this statement was not carried over onto the submission form itself.

Herald of Record: Pennsic

28: Gabriel Hawkes - Resub Device

Per chevron Or and purpure, an angel argent wings inverted and haloed and maintaining in front a straight sword palewise inverted and a bordure embattled sable.

The Submitter's name was registered in October of 2007 (via AEthelmearc).

The submitter's previous submission of Per chevron Or and purpure, an angel argent maintaining against its body a straight trumpet palewise inverted, in chief two tau crosses, a bordure embattled sable was returned by Laurel in October of 2007 due to stylistic problems involving the blurring of the distinction between primary charges (the angel) and secondary charges (the tau crosses). This resubmission eliminates the secondary charges.

Herald of Record: Pennsic

29: Gabriel Hawkes - New Badge

Per chevron Or and purpure, two fleurs de lys sable and a winged sword argent, a bordure embattled sable.

The Submitter's name was registered in October of 2007 (via AEthelmearc).

Herald of Record: Pennsic

30: Gareth Whytebull - New Name

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No major changes.

Gareth - Withycombe, p. 125, s.n. Gareth, dates the submitted spelling as a given name to a baptism in 1593.

Whytebull - Bardsley, p. 807, s.n. Whitebull, dates Johannes Whytebull to 1379.

Herald of Record: Caitriona inghean Ui Bhraonain

31: Garran Ó Murchadha - New Name

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No major changes.
Language (Gaelic) most important.
Culture (Gaelic) most important.

Garran - This is the submitter's legal given name as stated on his New York State driver's license (copy provided).

Ó - Sharon L. Krossa, "Quick and Easy Gaelic Names", under Clan Affiliation Bynames [http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotnames/quickgaelicbynames/#clanaffiliationbynam e] states:

The standard way to form a name using an Irish clan affiliation byname for men is: <single given name> Ó <eponymous clan ancestor's name (in genitive case)>which means <given name> male descendant <of eponymous clan ancestor>

Murchadha - Wolf, p. 622, s.n. Ó Murchadha, dates the Anglicized forms O Morchowe, O Morghoe and O Murphy to the times of Elizabeth I and James I of England.

Reany and Wilson, p. 317, s.n. Murchie, gives the Gaelic MacMhuchaidh as meaning "son of Murchadh" "sea-warrior".

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Murchad / Murchadh" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Murchad.shtm l] gives Murchadha as one of two normalized Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c1200-c1700) genitive forms and counts 15 occurrences of the name in the years 715, 741, 887, 972, 974, 980, 1103, 1160, 1254, 1414, 1451, 1475, 1491, 1511, 1583 and 1591. The raw data gives Mac Murchadha in the year 1511.

Herald of Record: Pennsic

32: Geoffrey le Warde - New Name & New Device

Vert, a sword inverted and on a chief argent three mullets vert.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No holding name.
Sound (JOFF-REE) most important.

Geoffrey - Withycombe, p. 128, s.n. Geoffrey, notes that Geoffrey was common in England from the 12th to the 15th century and gave rise to many surnames. The "modern name" (Withycombe's description) is from Middle English Geffrey. Withycombe gives:

• Geffrei, 1273
• Geffrey, Geffray, 1273
• Geffrai, 1306

Reaney and Wilson, p. 253, s.n. Jeffry, gives:

• Robert Geoffray, 1293
• William Geffrey, 1296
• John Gaffry, 1327

The submission notes that the submitter prefers the spelling Geoffry and would like the given changed to that spelling if possible, although no documentation was found specifically for tht spelling. Based on the dated forms in Reany and Wilson, Geoffry seems a plausible spelling for c. 1300.

le Warde - Reaney and Wilson, p. 475, s.n. Ward, date Simon le Warde to 1279.

Herald of Record: Pennsic

33: Gilles de Beauchamps - New Badge

(Fieldless) An escallop vert.

The submitter's name was registered in January 2000 via AEthelmearc.

Herald of Record: Livia Valentini

34: Gillian de Marisco - New Name & New Device

Azure, a caravel to sinister argent, in chief a dragon volant to sinister Or.

Submitter desires a feminine name.
No major changes.

The submitter cares most about spelling.

Gillian - Academy of St. Gabriel Report #3317 [http://www.s-gabriel.org/331 7] states:

<Gillian> was a common name in medieval England; it is a vernacular form of the learned name <Juliana>. [1] We find the spelling <Gillian> in 1273 and 1303, so this particular form is a good choice for the 14th century. [2]

de Marisco- Eric R. Delderfield, "LUNDY, the Marisco's and Benson" ("The North Devon Story" (1952, rev. 1953)) [http://www.lerwill-life.org.uk/history/lundy.ht m] mentions notable personages in the history of the Isle of Lundy, including one William de Marisco from 1235. The Encyclopædia Britannica Online, "Montfort, Simon de, Earl of Leicester" states that c. 1242, Simon took as his spiritual advisor one Adam de Marisco.

Herald of Record: Pennsic

35: Gillian Llywelyn - New Household Name

House Blackhart

No changes.
Meaning most important.

Reany and Wilson, list Black as a header form but does not give a dated citation. It forms the prototheme in numerous entries including:

• s.n. Blackadder: Robert Blackader, 1477
• s.n. Blackhall: Ralph de Blackhale, 1332
• s.n. Blackledge: Richard Blacklach, 1473
• s.n. Blackmore: Henry Blackmore, 1576
• s.n. Blackston: William Blackstan, 1235-42

Ibid., p. 219, s.n. Hart gives the origin of the name and its variants as Old English heorot and Middle English hert meaning "hart" and states that in Middle English, "heorot became hurt, roughly west of a line from Dorking to Birmingham, anbd this has occassionally survived, though often replaced by the standard hart from hert."

Bardsley, p. 362, s.n. Hart, dates Henrie Hart to 1599.

Reaney and Wilson, p. 486, s.n., Whitebuck, gives several examples of <color> + <animal> surnames:

• John Whitbok, 1313 ("white buck")
• John Whytebull, 1379, ("white bull")
• Ralph Witebullock, 1196 ("white bullock")
• Ralph Whittecalf, 1340-1450 ("white calf")
• Adam Witecolt, 1225 ("white colt")
• Gilbert Whitecou, 1327 ("white cow")
• John Whytegos, 1334 ("white goose")
• John Whitehorse, 1525 ("white horse")

Bardsley, p. 106, s.n. Blacklamb, dates William Blacklambe to 8 Edw. III [] and s.n. Black-ballock dates Robertus Blacballoc to 1273.

The submitter's current badge, Per pale vert and argent, a stag's head cabossed and in chief a mullet sable (registered in February of 2006 via AEthelmearc) is to be associated with this new household name.

Herald of Record: Pennsic

36: Gwyneth de Neutone Hille - New Name & New Device

Argent, a tee blasted vert atop a mount sable charged with a stag's head cabossed argent.

Submitter desires a feminine name.
Sound (Gwyneth de Newton Hill) most important.

Gwyneth - Morgan and Morgan, p. 118, s.n. Gwynedd, discusses at length the locative surname Gwynedd and variants as well as the female given name Gwyneth and variants. The origins of the female given name are unclear, and the earliest examples are in the reocrds of Conwy:

• Gwineth ver' Robert, 1577
• Gwenett, 1629
• Elena ver' Thomas gwynethe als gwrach y gwenniath

Among the examples given for the locative byname from the Shropshire registers, the medial -y- and -i- appear to be interchangeable:

• Gwinneth, 1634
• Gwinnett, 1552
• Gwyneth, 1578
• Gwynneis, 1574

de - preposition for a locative byname. Thw submitter will accept the change to the English of, if necessary.

Neutone Hille- Ekwall,p. 341, s.n. Newton, gives

• Nevtone, Domesday Book
• Neutona, 1254
• Neuton, 1242, 1291, 1305, 1341, 1352, 1418, 1423 and numerous others
• Neutone, Domesday Book, 1331
• Nywetone, 1315

Hille - Reaney and Wilson, p. 231, s.n. Hill, give Simon Hille, 1273, as a toponym.

Bardsley, p. 383-384, s.n. Hill, gives:

• Walter de la Hille, 1273
• Henry de la Hille, Hen. III-Edw. I [1272]

Herald of Record: Pennsic

37: Hans zem Dragen - New Name & New Device

Gules, a bend bendy sinister argent and sable between a drawn bow and arrow bendwise sinister and a sword bendwise Or.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
Language (German) most important.

Hans - Bahlow/Gentry, p. 190, s.n. Hans, describe this as a short form of Johannes, "the most popular f[irst] n[ame] in the Middle Ages."

zem Dragen - Socin, p. 375, gives Henricus zem Dragen as occuring in the Liber Censuum Eccleiae sancti Albani infra muros Basilae, scriptus anno 1284, a manuscript with post-entries through the end of the 14th century.

Herald of Record: Pennsic

38: Helene al-Zarqa' - New Device Change

Azure, a double-headed eagle displayed argent and on a chief indented Or three semi-minums azure.

Old Item: Azure, a dance between three semiminims Or, to be retained.

The submitter's name and current device were registered in October of 2004 (via AEthelmearc).

Note the conflict with, Anna de Byxe, Azure, an owl displayed argent and on a chief indented Or three roundels gules, registered in February of 2000 (via Drachenwald). A blanket permission to conflict with this device with one CD was granted 0711D.

Herald of Record: Pennsic

39: Ingirídr Hikri Fridriksdóttir - New Device Change

Argent, a camelopard statant purpure.

Old Item: Or, a sea unicorn erect contourny and in chief four escallops purpure, to be released.

The submitter's was registered in August of 1992 (via the East).

The submitter's current device was registered in April of 2001 (via AEthelmearc).

Herald of Record: Pennsic

40: Ingunn Halldorsdottir - New Name & New Device

Per bend sinister wavy vert and argent, a Thor's hammer Or and a fox rampant proper.

No major changes.

Ingunn - Geirr Bassi, p. 12, counts 3 occurrences of this name in the Landnámabók.

Halldorsdottir - Geirr Bassi, p. 10, counts 17 occurrences of Halldórr in the Landnámabók.

Geirr Bassi, p. 17, gives the genitive case of names ending with -rr are formed by changing the ending -rr to -rs. The patronymic suffix -dóttir is then added to the genitive case stem.

Precedent states: "While Old Norse names may be registered with or without accents, other diacritical marks cannot be omitted without documentation." [Disa blat{o,}nn, 08/2003 LoAR, A-Caid]

Herald of Record: Pennsic

41: Isabel la Roja - New Name & New Device

Or, a dragon-headed bow vert.

Submitter desires a feminine name.
Sound most important.

Isabel - Elsbeth Anne Roth, "16th Century Spanish Names: Feminine Given Names by Frequency" [http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~kvs/heraldry/spanish16/fem-given-freq.htm l] lists Isabel as the third most common name in the data set, accounting for 14% of the total.

la Roja - Elsbeth Anne Roth, "16th Century Spanish Names: All bynames in alphabetical order" [http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~kvs/heraldry/spanish16/bynames-alpha.htm l] dates Francisca la Roja to 1562.

A letter of permission to conflict between Isabel la Roja, Or, a dragon-headed bow vert, and Seamus Rogan, Or, a dragon-headed bow vert, is provided, signed by Seamus Rogan (using his legal name).

Herald of Record: Pennsic

42: Ishiyama Gen'tarou Yori'ie - New Name & New Device

(Fieldless) On a hexagon Or a rabbit's head cabossed sable.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No major changes.
Sound most important.

Ishiyama - Solveig Throndardottir, Name Construction in Medieval Japan, p. 153, s.v. SEKI/ishi, gives the meaning of this mporpheme as "rock" and dates its use as a descriptive morpheme in surnames as follows:

• Ishibashi, 1392 ("rock" + "bridge")
• Ishida, 1568 ("rock" + "rice paddy")
• Ishidou, 1392 ("rock" + "pagoda")
• Ishi'i, 1392 ("rock" + "well")
• Ishikawa, 1183 ("rock" + "river")
• Ishizaki, 1572 ("rock" + "slope")

Ibid., p. 145, s.v. SAN/yama, gives the meaning of this mporpheme as "mountain" and dates its use as a substantive morpheme in surnames as follows:

• Akiyama, 1600 ("autumn" + "mountain")
• Anayama, 1600 ("hole/cleft" + "mountain")
• Asayama, 1392 ("morning" + "mountain")
• Hatakeyama, 1332 ("dry field" + "mountain")
• Hirayama, 1332 ("flat/even" + "mountain")
• Kameyama, 1332 ("tortoise (longevity)" + "mountain")
• Kamiyama, 1392 ("superior" + "mountain")
• Koyama, 1600 ("small" + "mountain")
• Kuwayama, 1568 ("mulberry bush" + "mountain")
• Moriyama, 1392 ("protect/defend" + "mountain")
• Murayama, 1392 ("village" + "mountain")
• Nishiyama, 1568 (west" + "mountain")
• Okuyama, 1568 ("innermost" + "mountain")
• Ooyama, 1568 ("big" + "mountain")
• Oyama, 1332 ("small" + "mountain")
• Sakurayama, 1600 ("cherry tree" + "mountain")
• Toriyama, 1600 ("bird" + "mountain")
• Toyama, 1600 ("industry" + "mountain")

Thus, Ishiyama should be a plausible constructed surname with the meaning "rocky/stoney mountain"

Gen'tarou - Ibid., p. 37, discusses the formation of a tsuushou, a personal name in which the descriptive element is an emblematic kanji (tsuuji) associated with the the clan to which the individual belongs. Solveig states: "While a member of the kuge or buke classes would have a nanori, he would commonly be called by a tsuushou or yobina. Common tsuushou are listed, among which are the following that use GEN as the tsuuji:

• Genta
• Gensan
• Gen'uchi

In the same list of tsuushou, two are listed that use a type of ordinal counter (indicating rank or birth order within the clan) followed by the kanji "rou":

• Atarou (A is the tsuuji; ta indicates the "standing as most senior member of the ...clan"; rouu is a "counter" for sons)
• Tou'ichirou (here ichi means "one" or "first")

Ibid., p. 211, lists several yobina in which the substantive element is comprised of the two-kanji phrase tarou dated variously to 1183, 1438, 1568, 1600.

Yori'ie - Ibid., p. 366, dates this as an historical masculine Nanori to 1332.

Ibid., p. 245, s.v. yori, gives the meaning of this morpheme as "request / ask" and dates its use as the descriptive element in nanori to 1138, 1332, 1392, 1568, 1572, 1600.

Ibid., p. 135, s.v. ie, gives the meaning of this morpheme as "rural house / family" and dates its use as the substantive element in nanori to 1183, 1332, 1392, 1568, 1572, 1600.

The structure here is the expected <family name><common name><nanori>. Here, the common name is a constructed tsuushou rather than a yobina)

Herald of Record: Pennsic

43: Isobella MacClure - New Name & New Device

Azure, a crescent Or and on a chief argent three ravens sable.

Submitter desires a feminine name.
Meaning (Isabel MacClure) most important.

Isobella - Talan Gwynek, "A List of Feminine Personal Names Found in Scottish Records" [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/scottishfem.htm l] dates the submitted spelling to 1545.

MacClure - Black, p. 472, s.n. MacClure, dates Robert McClure to 1526 and Tho. Maklure to 1532.

Herald of Record: Elsbeth Anne Roth

44: Jacob of Dunmore - New Name

Submitter desires a masculine name.
Sound most important.

Jacob - Withycombe, p. 169, s.n. Jacob, discussesto Hebrew origin of the name and numerous variants in a variety of western European languages, but summarizes its use in England thusly:

Jacob is found four times in England before the Conquest, but always as the name of an ecclesiastic. After the Conquest there is little evidence of the use of Jacob except occasionally as the name of a Jew, though Godstow 1450 has 'St. Philip and St. Jacob'. Jacobus was, of course, the almost invariable form of James, &c., in Latin documents, and the surnames Jacobs, Jacobs, Jacoby, if not of Jewish origin, are possibly from the Latin. The general use of Jacob as a christian name dates from the Reformation, and is due to the fact that the English translators of the Bible, while using the English form James for the two apostles, retained Jacob for the patriarch.

Arval Benicoeur and Talan Gwynek, "A List of 15th Century English Men's Names" [http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/arval/agincourt /] counts two occurrences of Jacob in the data set, comprised of given names from "The Agincourt Honor Roll" [http://www.familychronicle.com/agincort.ht m], web-published by Family Chronicle, a magazine for amateur genealogists, which was scanned out of Sir Nicolas Nicholas Harris, History of the Battle of Agincourt and of the Expedition of Henry the Fifth into France in 1415 to which is added the Roll of the Men at Arms in the English Armory, 3rd edition (London: Johnston & co., 1833).

Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn, "Names and Naming Practices in the Red Book of Ormond (Ireland 14th Century): Given Names" [http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/tangwystyl/lateirish/ormond-given.htm l] gives the following entry for Jacob:

Jacobus 1, Jacobo (ablative) 1, Jacobum (accusative) 1; Irish (1), Welsh (1), and English (1) contexts.

Dunmore - Room, s.n. Dunmore, gives the Gaelic as Dún Mór meaning "big fort". According to the summary on the submission form, the Galway Dunmore takes its name from the large fort that belonged to Turloch Mór O Conor, the 12th century high king and king of Connacht.

Herald of Record: Pennsic

45: Jehan de la Marche - New Augmentation of Arms

Gules, a crow rising, pierced by an arrow, both argent, and for augmentation, issuant from chief a demi-escarbuncle argent.

46: Jyne Stillwell - New Name

No major changes.
Language (Scot/English) most important.
Culture (Scot/English) most important.

Jyne - Black, s.n. Flatay, dates Jyne Flatay to 1552.

Stillwell - Reany and Wilson, p. 428, s.n. Stillwell, dates John Stillwell to 1583.

Herald of Record: Pennsic

47: Kara Ivarsdottir - New Name & New Device

Vert, on a lozenge argent a turtle tergiant vert.

Submitter desires a feminine name.
Meaning (Ivarr's daughter) most important.

Kara - Geirr Bassi, p. 12, counts one occurrence of Kára in Snorri's Heimskringla.

Ivarsdottir - Geirr Bassi, p. 12, counts four occurrences of Ívarr in the Landnámabók.

Geirr Bassi, p. 17, gives the genitive case of names ending with -rr are formed by changing the ending -rr to -rs. The patronymic suffix -son or -dóttir is then added to the genitive case stem.

Precedent states: "While Old Norse names may be registered with or without accents, other diacritical marks cannot be omitted without documentation." [Disa blat{o,}nn, 08/2003 LoAR, A-Caid]

Herald of Record: Pennsic

48: Karsten the Black - New Name & New Device

Per chevron Or and sable, a demi-eagle reguardant gules issuant from the line of division and on a Tau cross Or five mullets of eight gules.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No major changes.

Karsten - Bahlow/Gentry, p. 259, s.n. Karsten, indicates a sound shift from Kersten to Karsten c. 1300.

Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Low German Names from Hamburg, 1475-1529" [http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/german/hamburg.htm l] dates the submitted spelling to 1483 and 1484 as a masculine given name.

the Black- A Lingua Anglica form of the German Schwartz (and variants) meaning "black". Bahlow/Gentry, p. 462-463, s.n. Schwar(d)t, gives varous forms, incuding Schwarte, Schwarten, Schwa(t)z and Schwarze, the first two being Low German forms.

Brechenmacher, p. 580, s.n. Schwarz, =tz(e), dates Perhtold Swarze zu Brixen to 1200.

The submission forms states that only one change is allowed, that being the change from the Black to Blackshield is necessary.

Herald of Record: Pennsic

49: Katharine of Caithness - New Name

Submitter desires a feminine name.

The submitter cares most about spelling.

Katharine - Talan Gwynek, "A List of Feminine Personal Names Found in Scottish Records" [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/scottishfem.htm l], s.n. Katherine gives the following dated forms, among others:

• Katherine, 1512
• Kathrine, 1589
• Katrina, 1548
• Katrine, 1499
• Catharine, 1459

Sharon L. Krossa, "Early 16th Century Scottish Lowland Names: Women's Given Names - Alphabetical" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotnames/lowland16/womenalpha.shtm l] gives the follwing dated forms:

• Katherene 1 1543 (1)
• Katherin 6 1502 (1) , 1508 (1) , 1509 (3) , 1543 (1)
• Katherine 17 1500 (1) , 1505 (1) , 1548 (6) , 1549 (7) , 1550 (2)

Caithness - The submitter includes a web article from Caithness.org [http://www.caithness.org/history/articles/march90/wickcharter.ht m] that gives the text of the "Wick Charter" from 1589, whereby James IV granted the status of Royal Burg to Wick, within the shire of Caithness. The text mentions Caithness, but it appears that the spelling of the entire document has been modernized.

Johnston, Place-Names of Scotland, p. 121, dates Caithness from 970 onwards. The entry reads:

Caithness. c. 970 Pict. Chron. Kathenessia, c. 1150 Bk. Deer Catness, and Ir. Nennius Cat., a. 1130 Sim. Durh. ann. 934 Cathenes, c. 1150 Cataneis, c. 1155 Chaenois (Fr.), 1196 Hovenden Cathania id est Catenes, c. 1225 Orkn. Sag. Ness. 'Ness or nose of the Cataibh, or cat-men'; why so called we know not; cf. the Cattegat. In G. Gallaibh, 'strangers' (Norse) land. Possible also is derivation fr. O.N. kati, gen. kata, 'a kind of small ship.' Cf. Catacol.

Herald of Record: (submitter)

50: Kilian Helm - New Name

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No major changes.
Language most important.

This is a kingdom-level resubmission. The submitter's previous submission of Däumler Helm was returned at kingdom on LoR AE107 on August 25, 2007 because the name, as submitted, combined two bynames with no given name.

Kilian - Bahlow, p. 266, s.n. Kilian, states that Kilian is the patron saint of Würtzburg, a Franconian saint, and further clarifies that Kilian and Colomban were Irish missionaries in Franconia in the 7th century. Bahlow quotes the Humanist writer Johann Fischart as saying that "Franconians are called Kilian." Variants are given as Kliius, Kilgus, Kill and others.

Brechanmacher, vol. 2, p. 41, s.n. Kilian, dates Märk Kylian zu Koblau to 1443

Helm - P. 211, s.n. Helm, dates Andreas Helm to 1404

According to the submission form, Helm is the submitter's legal surname, although no proof of such is provided.

Herald of Record: Gille MacDhnouill

51: Kou'ichi Hiteko - New Name & New Device

Per fess argent and azure, a raven volant and a cutlass fesswise reversed within a bordure counterchanged.

Submitter desires a feminine name.
Client requests authenticity for Japan.
Language (Japan) most important.
Culture (Japan) most important.

Kou'ichi - The submission form references Solveig Throndardottir, Name Construction in Medieval Japan, p. 321, stating that the name is an uji [clan name] dated to 1600. However, the page cited gives Ko'uchi dated to 1600 as an historical surname. The submitted spelling appears on the submission form in the header and in the documentation area, as well as on the Pennsic worksheet. The kanji that appear on the worksheet are those for Ko'uchi. There is a crossed-out page reference for p. 37 where one finds Kou'ichi as a Tsuushou of the Oo'e clan. On page 37, Solveig discusses the formation of a tsuushou, a personal name in which the descriptive element is an emblematic kanji (tsuuji) associated with the the clan to which the individual belongs (tsuuji). Solveig states: "While a member of the kuge or buke classes would have a nanori, he would commonly be called by a tsuushou or yobina. Thus, a tsushou would appear to be a uniquely masculine name element.

Hiteko - The submission form references Solveig Throndardottir, Name Construction in Medieval Japan, p. 376, stating that the name is a nanori [masculine personal name] dated to 1147 and 1392. However, the page cited gives Hideko as an historical feminine name dated to 1147 and 1392.

Herald of Record: Pennsic

52: Lazarus Iunius Severus - New Name & New Device

Gyronny sable and argent, eight arrows points to center counterchanged.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No major changes.

The submission forms states that the "client really wants Lazarus in his name."

Lazarus - Bardas Xiphias, "Common Names of the Aristocracy in the Roman Empire During the 6th and 7th Centuries:

Masculine Names Alphabetically" [http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/byzantine/PLRE_masc_names.htm l] counts three occurrences of Lazarus in Martindale, J. R., The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, volumes IIIa and IIIb, Cambridge University Press, 1992.

Iunius - Meradudd Cethin, "Names and Naming Practices of Regal and Republican Rome - Prænomen and Nomen" [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/roman/names.htm l] dates the name to 509-62 BCE.

Severus - Meradudd Cethin, "Names and Naming Practices of Regal and Republican Rome - Cognomen and Agnomen" [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/roman/names2.htm l] does not list Severus as a cognomen. However, the intorductory material at [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/roman /] states:

The Cognomen was commonly formed as the stirps of the gens to which the person was a part of. Originally, the cognomen was a sobriquet of one type or another, describing a physical feature (Naso, the long-nosed), attribute (Severus, the severe) or place of origin (Gallus, of Gaul)

Herald of Record: Pennsic

53: Lidia Allen - New Name

Client requests authenticity for 16th century Chesham.

Lidia - Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Feminine Given Names in Chesham, 1538-1600/1" [http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/chesham/chesham-feminine.htm l] dates Lidia to 1573.

Allen - Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Surnames in Chesham, 1538-1600/1" [http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/chesham/chesham-surnames-all.htm l] dates Allen to 1542.

Herald of Record: Pennsic

54: Livia Valentini - New Name & New Device

Sable, a weaver's knot and in chief a label Or.

Submitter desires a feminine name.
No major changes.
Language (Italian) most important.
Culture (Italian) most important.

Livia - Academy of Saint Gabriel Report 2206 [http://www.s-gabriel.org/220 6], in discussing Roman Republican naming practices states:

By the late Republic period, women usually bore a feminized nomen followed by a feminized form or even a feminine diminutive of their father's cognomen. For example, the daughter of <Marcus Livius Drusus> was recorded as <Livia Drusilla>, although <Livia Drusa> would have been equally appropriate. Many variations arose during the imperial period, and by the latter centuries of the empire a woman might have been known by her father's nomen and cognomen (<Aemilia Lepida>, daughter of <Lucius Aemilius Lepidus>), by a combination of her father's and mother's nomina (<Valeria Attia>, daughter of <Marcus Attius Atticus> and <Valeria Sextina>), or by her father's nomen and a personal cognomen.[3]

The submitter also gives an Amazon.com URL link to Livia: First Lady of Imperial Rome by Anthony A. Barrett [http://www.amazon.com/Livia-First-Lady-Imperial-Rome/dp/0300102984/ref=pd_bbs1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=12125593 14&sr=8- 1] The back cover informs us that the titular Livia was the first wife of Caesar Augustus and the mother of Tiberius.

Valentini - a feminized form derived from the masculine cognomen Valentinian.

Ralph W. Mathisen, "De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors" under Valentinian III (425-455 A.D) [http://www.roman-emperors.org/valenIII.ht m] gives the emperors full name as Placidus Valentinianus.

Herald of Record: Gille MacDhnouill

55: Lorenzo di Raffaele Fabro - New Name

No major changes.
Language (15th century Italian) most important.
Culture (15th century Italian) most important.
Meaning (Lorenzo, ironsmith) most important.

Lorenzo - Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Names from Arezzo, Italy, 1386-1528: List of given names, by frequency" [http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/italian/arezzofreq.htm l] lists Lorenzo as the fifth most frequently occurring name in the data set, counting 28 occurrences.

Raffaele - Ibid., lists Raffaele and counts one occurrence of the name.

Fabro - Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Names from Arezzo, Italy, 1386-1528" discusses naming patterns and states that the pattern gdgx[<given name> + di + <given name> + <descriptive>) accounts for 1.8% of the full names in the data set and gives the example: Guerrante di Iacopo ritagliatore. The author further clarifies:

Some of the men's ancestors were recorded with a further descriptive which in most cases looks to be a type of occupation. These are not to be considered as part of the person's name; however, since they appear in the collected raw data below, I have listed them here.

Herald of Record: Pennsic

56: Magge Illefoster - New Name

Submitter desires a feminine name.
No major changes.

Magge - Withycombe, s.n. Margaret, dates Magge to 1273.

Illefoster - Jeanne Marie Lacroix, "'Misplaced' Names in Reaney & Wilson - Sorted By Name" [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/misplacednamesbyname.ht m] dates this byname to 1192 and gives the meaning as "wicked foster child", citing Reaney and Wilson, p. 248, s.n. Illbode.

Herald of Record: Pennsic

57: Marcán an Fhasaigh - New Name & New Device

Azure, a tetraskelion of horse's heads conjoined within an annulet argent.

Submitter has no desire as to gender.
Meaning (Marcan of the Wilderness) most important.

Marcán - Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Marcán" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Marcan.shtm l] gives the submitted spelling as the normalized Old Irish Gaelic (c700-c900) and Middle Irish Gaelic (c900-c1200) nominative form and counts four individuals of the name in the years 647, 653, 990, 1003, 1009, 1010 and 1021.

OCM, p. 134, s.n. Marcán, mentions Marcán mac Cennétig (died 1010), brother of Brian Boru.

an Fhasaigh - Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Descriptive Bynames: an Fhasaigh" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/DescriptiveBynames/anFhasaigh.shtm l] gives the meaning as "[of] the Wilderness", gives the submitted spelling as the normalized Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c1200-c1700) genitive form and counts one individual of the name in the year 1581.

Herald of Record: Pennsic

58: Margarete Pomeroy - New Name & New Device

Argent, a lion rampant and in chief three apples gules, a bordure engrailed sable.

Submitter desires a feminine name.
No major changes.
Sound (sound like 'Marquerite') most important.

Margarete - Talan Gwynek, "Late Sixteenth Century English Given Names" (Alphabetical Name List) [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/eng16/eng16alpha.htm l] counts one occurrence of the submitted spelling in the data set.

Pomeroy - Bardsley, s.n. Pomeroy, dates Robert Pomeroy to 1 Edw. III [1327] and Andrew Pomeroy to 1594.

A letter of permission to conflict with the arms of Charles de Pomerai, Or, a lion rampant and in chief three apples gules, a bordure engrailed sable, [submitted above] is included.

Herald of Record: Elsbeth Anne Roth

59: Matatias filius Lie Blunde - New Device

Argent, a Hebrew letter resh and a chief sable.

The submitter's name was registered in August of 2002 (via the East).

Herald of Record: Pennsic

60: Mikesch Synner - New Name & New Device

Or billety gules, a lion bendy gules and argent.

Submitter has no desire as to gender.
No major changes.
Sound (Mākin Sin) most important.
Language (German) most important.
Culture (German) most important.

Mikesch - Bahlow/Gentry, p. 476, s.n. Sinner, dates Mikesch Synner to 1368.

Synner - Ibid.

The female submitter is aware that the name is masculine.

Although the submitter will not accept major changes, she specifically allows the substitution, if necessary, of Maacken, but does not state whether the substitution is intended to be allowed for the given name or byname.

Maacken- Bahlow/Gentry, p. 315, s.n. Maa(c)k, describes the header form as a short form of the Low German Markward and gives the patronymic forms as Maacken(s).

Herald of Record: Pennsic

61: Muirgheal ingen Dubhghaill - New Name

Muirgheal - OCM, p. 141, s.n. Muirgel:Muirgheal, Muiríol, give the meaning of the name as "sea-bright, sea-white" and mention three historical women of the name: Muirgel (died 854), the wife of the king of Leinster; Muirgel (died 928), daughter of high-king Máel Sechnaill I; and, Muirgel, wife of Leinster king, Cellach Cualann.

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Muirgel" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Feminine/Muirgel.shtm l] gives Muirgel as the normalized Middle Irish Gaelic (c900-c1200) form and counts four individuals of the name in the years 852, 854, 882, 923, 926 and 928.

ingen - Sharon L. Krossa, "A Simple Guide to Constructing 12th Century Scottish Gaelic Names" [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/simplescotgaelicnames12.ht m] examines six Gaelic "notes" that were written into various blank spaces of the Book of Deer (a 9th century illuminated manuscript) circa 1130 to 1150 AD. The Gaelic used in the notes is "Middle Gaelic", also called "Middle Irish", which was the form of Gaelic common to Ireland and parts of Scotland from, roughly, 900 to 1200 A.D. Under "Name & Byname Structures," Krossa states:

Each woman's name & byname -- indicating who her father is -- is set up as follows: <given name in nominative case> ingen <father's given name in genitive case & lenited>..."Ingen" means "daughter", and was pronounced in Middle Gaelic as, roughly, EEN-yen.

Dubhghaill - OCM, p. 79, s.n. Dubgall:Dubhghall, gives the meaning as "dark stranger" and state that it was "one of the Irish names for the Vikings."

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Dubgall / Dubhghall" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Dubgall.shtm l] gives Dubgaill as the normalized Middle Irish Gaelic (c900-c1200) genitive form and Dubhghaill as the Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c1200-c1700) genitive form and counts two individuals of the name in the years 980 and 1268.

Sharon L. Krossa, "The Spelling of Lenited Consonants in Gaelic" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotlang/lenition.shtm l] gives the pre-1200 lenited form of d as d (unchanged), and the post-1200 lenited form as dh or d. (the period here representing a punctum delens - a dot over the letter).

Herald of Record: Pennsic

62: Olafr the mercenary - New Name & New Device

Per pale argent and gules, in dexter a cross formy fitchy sable.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No major changes.
Sound most important.

Olafr - Geirr Bassi, p. 13, counts 20 occurrences of Óláfr in the Landnámabók.

Geirr Bassi, p. 17, gives the genitive case of names ending with -x are formed by changing the ending -x to -y. The patronymic suffix -son or -dóttir is then added to the genitive case stem.

Precedent states: "While Old Norse names may be registered with or without accents, other diacritical marks cannot be omitted without documentation." [Disa blat{o,}nn, 08/2003 LoAR, A-Caid]

the mercenary - Lingua Anglica for heiðmenningr. Geirr Bassi, p. 22, counts 1 occurrences of heiðmenningr in the Landnámabók and gives the meaning of this descriptive byname as "mercenary".

Herald of Record: Pennsic

63: Olrik von Wolfstein - New Name & New Device

Sable, a lion's head erased between three triquestras and a cross flory fitched at the foot argent

No major changes.
Meaning (Olrik from the castle Wolfstein) most important.

Olrik - Bahlow/Gentry, p. p. 353, s.n. Ohl, gives:

sente [saint] Odelrik (Olrick) 1318.

Brechenmacher, p. 348, s.n. Olrik, describes the name as Low German and Middle German from Ulrich and dates Hanß Olrikkeß (presumably a patronymic form) to 1497.

von - German preposition meaning "of" or "from"

Wolfstein - According to Wikipedia, Wolfstein was a minor principality in the Holy Roman Empire centered on Wolfstein castle near Neumarkt in the Oberpfalz [Upper Palatine].

Brechenmacher, vol. II, p. 831, s.n. Wolfsteiner, gives the origin of this locative byname as multiple places named Wolfstein and dates Egid der W[olfsteiner] as an Austrian under-marshal in 1405.

Herald of Record: Pennsic

64: Pavel Dudoladov - New Device

Per pale gules and vert, three trumpets bells to base argent.

The submitter's name was registered in March 2008 (via AEthelmearc).

Herald of Record: Pennsic

65: Qara Erdene - New Name & New Device

Argent, on a fess embattled-counterembattled purpure a polar bear statant argent.

Submitter desires a feminine name.
No major changes.
Language (Mongolian) most important.
Culture (Mongolian) most important.
Meaning (black jewel) most important.

Baras-aghur Naran, "On the Documentation and Construction of Period Mongolian Names" [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/mongol.htm l] describes three major patterns of name construction in Mongolian: (1) a single name, usually a noun or adjective; (2) a single name with a modifying ending giving added meaning; and, (3) two names, each of which could stand alone, and which do not contradict each other. The article lists several categories of names, including numbers, colors and "common name elements" (mostly nound and adjectives).

Qara - listed with the meaning "black"

Erdene - listed with the meaning "jewel"

Herald of Record: (submitter)

66: Rachel Dalicieux - New Name & New Device

Per pale purpure and sable, two cats sejant respectant and in chief three eighth notes argent.

Submitter desires a feminine name.
No major changes.
Sound most important.

Rachel - This is the submitter's legal given name. A photocopy of a Pennsylvania valid driver's license was provided.

Cateline de la Mor (Triste Elliot), "Sixteenth Century Norman Names" [http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/cateline/norman16.htm l] lists Rachel among the feminine given names taken from Jonathan Dewald, The Formation of a Provincial Nobility: The Magistrates of the Parlement of Rouen, 1499-1610 (Princeton University Press, 1980).

Dalicieux - Morlet, Dictionnaire etymologiques des noms de famille, s.n. Dalicieux, notes "var. de délicieux, sobriquet, a désigne en anc. fr. celui vit dans le délices." The translation provided by the submitter reads, "nickname in ancient French that designates someone who lives for pleasure (or delight)." The Garnet library does not have this Appendix H (no-photocopy) source. Can someone confirm the citation?

The Garnet library's copy of Morlet, Dictionnaire des noms de famille et prenoms de France, p. 170, s.n. Dalicieux, states: <<délicieux>>: sobriquet sans doubt ironique. Roughly translated: "delicious": nickname undoubtedly ironic."

Dalicieux is the registered byname of her real-world husband. A letter of permission to conflict, while not required in this case, is provided.

Herald of Record: Elsbeth Anne Roth

67: Rober de Saint-Venant - New Name & New Device

Argent, on a fess cotised vert a horse courant argent.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No changes.

Rober - Colm Dubh, "An Index to the Given Names in the 1292 Census of Paris" [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/paris.htm l] lists Rober Bergier.

de Saint-Venant - Society for Creative Anachronism, Proceedings of the Known World Heralds and Scribes Symposium, 2007, "Personal names from 'l'armorial des rois de l'Épinette'" has Jehan de Saint-Venant dated to 1423.

Herald of Record: Pennsic

68: Rober de Saint-Venant - New Badge

Argent, a horse courant vert.

The submitter's name is submitted above.

Herald of Record: Pennsic

69: Rodrigo de Vega - New Name & New Device

Argent, semy-de-lys sable, a pile sable and overall a chevron counterchanged Or and sable.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
Language (Spanish) most important.
Culture (Spanish) most important.

Elsbeth Anne Roth, "16th Century Spanish Names" [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/spanish/index.htm l] discusses naming patterns and states that almost half of the names in the article's data set follow the construction pattern <given name> de <locative>.

Note that the submitter's legal name is Dale Vega.

Rodrigo - Elsbeth Anne Roth, "16th Century Spanish Names: Masculine Given Names Alphabetically" [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/spanish/male-given-alpha.htm l], s.n. Rodrigo, gives:

• Rodrigo de Sevilla (1539, III.25)
• Rodrigo de Cantos (1560, IV.94)
• Rodrigo Merchan (1571, V.3022)
• Rodrigo Riberos (1574, V.3362)
• Rodrigo Hernandez (1574, V.3650)

de Vega - Juliana de Luna, "Spanish Names from the Late 15th Century", under "Names from the Account Books of Isabel la Catolica (1477-1504, mostly 1483-1504): Locative Surnames" [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/isabella/locative.htm l] lists de Vega.

Herald of Record: Pennsic

70: Rose Moone - New Name & New Device

Azure, a decrescent within seven mullets in annulo argent.

Submitter desires a feminine name.
No major changes.
Sound (moon) most important.

Rose - Withycombe, p. 258, s.n. Rose, dates the submitted spelling to 1316.

Moone - Reany and Wilson, p. 313, s.n. Moon/Moone/Munn gives:

• William de Moion, de Moiun, de Moine, de Mouin, 1086
• Reginald de Moyn, de Moyun, de Moun, de Mohun, 1239-53
• Robert Mone, 1260
• Thomas le Mun, 1275
• Geoffrey le Moun, 1279

The last three derive from moun, mun "monk"

Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Names found in Minchinhampton, Glouchestershire Marriage Registers 1566-1600" dates Moone as a surname to 1573.

Herald of Record: Pennsic

71: Sabine la courratierre de chevaux - New Name & New Device

Argent chapé sable, a sea horse vert.

Submitter desires a feminine name.
No major changes.
Sound most important.

Sabine - Morlet, [work not specified], p. 871, s.n. Sabin, says, "the feminine 'Sabine' is a personal and matronymic. The popular form Savine derives from Ste Sabina, martyr from the IIIrd century."

Reany and Wilson, p. 406, s.n. Shine, dates Sabine Schyne to 1279.

- Colm Dubh, "Occupational By-Names in the 1292 Tax Role of Paris" [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/parisbynames.htm l] counts three occurrences of courratier de chevaux and gives the meaning as "horse broker". The occupational term is here feminized by changing the ending -ier to iere follwing the pattern of the follwing pairs found in the article:

• aguillier / aguilliere (needle maker)
• aloier / aloiere (manager)
• archier / archiere (bow & arrow maker)
• avenier / aveniere (oat merchant)

and many others

Herald of Record: Pennsic

72: Sarjun al-Rashid - New Name & New Device

Per pale argent and gules, a dumbek and a hand counterchanged and on a chief triangular azure an anvil argent.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No major changes.
Language (Arabic) most important.
Culture (Arabic) most important.

Sarjun - Bayard Dodge, The fihrist of al-Nadim: A Tenth-century Survey of Muslim Culture (New York: Columbia University Press, 1970), vol. II, p. 1094, in the biographical index lists Sarjun (Sergius) ibn Mansur al-Rumi as "a secretary who kept the government records in Greek during the reign of Mu'awiyah (caliph 661-680).

al-Rashid - Da'ud ibn Auda, "Period Arabic Names and Naming Practices" [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/arabic-naming2.ht m] lists al-Rashid among the masculine cognomens, and in the introductory material, gives it as an example of a laqab:

A laqab (pronounced LAH-kahb), a combination of words into a byname or epithet, usually religious, relating to nature, a descriptive, or of some admirable quality the person had (or would like to have); e.g., al-Rashid [the Rightly-guided], al-Fadl [the Prominent]. Laqabs follow the ism: Harun al-Rashid [Aaron the Rightly-guided].

Herald of Record: (submitter)

73: Sarjun al-Rashid - New Badge

Per bend azure and gules, a bend between an arm fesswise and a anvil argent.

The submitter's name and device submission appears above.

Herald of Record: (submitter)

74: Séamus Rogan - New Name & New Device

Or, a dragon-headed bow sable.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
Sound most important.

Séamus - OCM, p. 163, s.n. Séamus:Séamas, states that the name is a borrowing through English and French of the Latin Jacobus and that the name was common among the Anglo-Norman settlers in Ireland and was adopted by the native Irish.

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Séamus" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Seamus.shtm l] gives Séamus as the normalized Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c1200-c1700) nominative form and counts 14 individuals of the name in the years 1398-1608.

Rogan - LacLysaght, p. 259, s.n. (o) Rogan, gives the Gaelic as Ó Ruadhagáin.

Woulf, p. 635, gives O Rogane. The submitter strongly prefers the form without the final e.

A letter of permission to conflict between Isabel la Roja, Or, a dragon-headed bow vert, and Seamus Rogan, Or, a dragon-headed bow vert, is provided, signed by Isabel la roja (under her legal name).

Herald of Record: Pennsic

75: Seanait inghean Nessan - New Name

Submitter desires a feminine name.
Client requests authenticity for Irish Gaelic.
Language (Irish Gaelic) most important.
Culture (Irish Gaelic) most important.

Seanait - OCM, p. 164, s.n. Ségnat:Séaghnait, Séanait, gives this as the female form of Ségán and mention the saint, as well as an abbess of the name.

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Ségán" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Segan.shtm l] does not give any normalized form, but gives the following documented spellings from the raw data:

• 663, Segain moccu Chuind, abb Benncoir [Note: name is in genitive case due to sentence structure.]
• 663, Segaín maic hui Chuind, abbad Bennchair [Note: name is in genitive case due to sentence structure.]
• 663, Segain machui Cuinn abbatis Bennchuir
• 662, Segan mac h-uí Cuinn, abb Bendchair

No feminine form is found in the annals.

inghean - Sharon L. Krossa, "Quick and Easy Gaelic Names" under "Simple Patronymic Byname" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotnames/quickgaelicbynames/#simplepatronymicbynam e] states:

The standard way to form a name using a simple patronymic byname for for women is: <single given name> inghean <father's given name (in genitive case & always lenited unless starting with D, T, L, N, R, or a vowel)> which means <given name> daughter <of father's given name>

Nessan - OCM, p. 145, s.n. Nessán:Neasán, mention five saints of the name.

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Nessán" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Nessan.shtm l] does not give any normalized form, but gives the following documented spellings from the raw data:

• 555, Neasan
• 557, Nessan
• 551, S. Neasan Lobhar

Herald of Record: Pennsic

76: Sion the Lost - New Name & New Device

Per pale azure and vert, a bend sinister between a compass rose and a candle argent.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No major changes.

The submitter cares most about spelling.

This is a kingdom-level resubmission. The submitter's previous submission of Sionn, the Lost and accompanying device, Per bend sinister azure and vert, on a bend sinister between a compass rose and a candle argent with candlestick Or three questions marks sable were returned at kingdom on AEthelmearc Letter of Report AE106 dated August 17, 2007 [http://www.aeheralds.net/Letters/AE106/lor.htm l] with the following comments:

Commenters questioned the presence of the comma in the name. This is how the name appeared on the submission form. Eliminating the comma is a minor change, which the submitter does allow. However, the spelling Sionn is not supported as a Gaelic personal name. The closest Gaelic name with the intended meaning of "fox" is Sionnach, a descriptive byname. The Welsh name Sion is documented, but the change from Gaelic to Welsh is a major change, which the submitter does not allow. In addition, any combination of Gaelic and English (one step from period practice) with the English byname phrase "the Lost" (declared SCA-compatible and therefore a second step from period practice) would be unregisterable.

The device was returned for lack of an accompanying name submission, but was problematic in its own right because of the use of question marks as charges. The resubmitted name here presents Sion as a Welsh name, and eliminates the question marks from the device design.

Sion - Gruffudd, Welsh Names for Children, p. 85, gives Sion Cent dated 1367?-1430?, as a form of loan name from the English John.

Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn, "A Welsh Miscellany", p. 31, lists <Sion> as a Welsh masculine given name.

Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "14th-16th C Names from Valais" lists names taken from 14th-16th century wills from Valais, Switzerland. The documents, and hence the names, are all in Latin. The names show influence from French, Italian, and German. The raw data include:

Sion Thomas et Beatrix de Chouson - 1300

The latter, at least, appears to be of French influence. The former could be as well.

the Lost - Note the following precedents:

The English byname the Lost has been ruled SCA compatible. Use of an element which is only SCA compatible is a weirdness. [Ælfric the Lost, 02/02, R-An Tir]

... we are reluctantly making the byname the Lost SCA compatible. [Jordan the Lost, 07/01, A-Calontir]

Note also:

The combination of English and Welsh was ruled to be without "weirdness", Cover Letter, 08/99

The combination of French and English was ruled to be without "weirdness", Engelbert the Pious, 12/03

Herald of Record: Pennsic

77: Tafrara N Doukkala - New Name & New Device

Per chevron argent and sable, a demisun issuant from the line of division gules and a hare salient contourny argent, in base a crescent Or.

Submitter desires a feminine name.
Language (Amazigh; NOT Islamic) most important.
Culture (Amazigh; NOT Islamic) most important.

Tafrara - Djaafar Messaoudi, "A short list of Amazigh persons' proper names" [http://www.kabylia.info/observer/spip.php?article=6 8] lists the submitted spelling as an Amazigh female given name.

Wikipedia, s.v. Berber people [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber_peopl e] states in part:

Berbers are the indigenous peoles of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. They are discontinuously distributed from the Atlantic to the Siwa oasis, in Egypt, and from the Mediterranean to the Niger River. They speak various Berber languages, which together form a branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family. Between fourteen and twenty-five million Berber speakers live within this region, most densely in Algeria and Morocco and becoming generally scarcer eastward through the rest of the Maghreb and beyond.

Many Berbers call themselves some variant of the word Imazighen (singular Amazigh), meaning "free men".[2][3] This is common in Morocco, but elsewhere within the Berber homeland a local, more particular term, such as Kabyle or Chaoui, is more often used instead.

N- no explanation of this name element was provided.

Doukkala - Anya Weghlis, "Amazigh Toponymy" [