Æthelmearc Letter of Intent Æ114
November 30, 2008 (AS 43)

1: Adrienne MacLeod - New Name & New Device 

Argent, a bear statant sable between three roses gules barbed and seeded azure.

Submitter desires a feminine name.
No major changes.
Sound (as spelled) most important.

The submission form notes that this name and a device were returned at kingdom level by the Outlands College of Heralds circa 2000. The earliest Outlands LoR available at the Outlands College of Heralds website dates to October 2001.

Adrienne - This is the submitter's legal given name. Both Mari Elspeth nic Bryan and Elisabeth de Rossignol attest on the submission form to having seen the submitter's driver's license as evidence of the submitter's legal given name as Adrienne.

Aryanhwy merch Catmael, Masculine Names from Artois, 1601" [http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/french/1601masc.html] counts 12 occurrences of Adrien as a masculine given name in the data set.

MacLeod - Reaney and Wilson, p. 292, s.n. MacLeod, date Gillandres MacLeod to 1227. The byname here is intended as an inherited surname rather than a functional patronymic.

2: Aíbell ingen Diarmata - Resub Device 

OSCAR finds the name registered exactly as it appears in October of 2006, via Æthelmearc.

Or, flaunches gules and in fess three snails counterchanged.

The submitter's name was registered in October of 2006 (via AEthelmearc).

The submitter's previous submission of Or, flaunches gules and in fess three snails counterchanged was returned by Laurel on the LoAR of October 2006 with the following comments:

This device is returned for a redraw. Flaunches should issue from the top corners of the shield. In the submitted emblazon, the top of the shield is nearly divided into three even parts by the intersection of these flaunches with the top of the shield.

3: Ailis Linne - New Badge 

OSCAR finds the name registered exactly as it appears in January of 2000, via Æthelmearc.

(Fieldless) a mullet of five points voided and interlaced within and conjoined to an annulet azure.

The submitter's name was registered in January of 2000 (via AEthelmearc). The submitter provided the following documentation as in-kimgdom commentary, archived at http://www.aeheralds.net/Letters/AE114/commentary/ae114ailis.html

This submission is intended to directly challenge the current applicability of prior precedents regarding the unregistrability of a mullet voided and interlaced (also known as a pentacle or a pentagram).

There is a long history of rulings regarding this charge, beginning as early as one by Ioseph of Locksley in 1973 and including rulings or correspondence in 1976, 1978, 1979, 1990, 1994, and 1996. The ruling in 1990 was actually appealed to the BoD, as reflected and discussed on the April 1991 Cover Letter (http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/1991/04/cvr.html). As specified in that Cover Letter the primary argument is that "the device was not returned for its specific religious content as perceived by the submitter and her co-religionists, but for the specific anti-religious content as perceived by a far larger number of people, both within and without the SCA."

For the return of Elzabeth Osanna Zelter's device (Argent, upon a mount vert, a pavilion between in chief two mullets voided and interlaced azure) in 1994 (http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/1994/07/lar.html) and the return of the appeal of the same in 1996 (http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/1996/05/lar.html) the argument was made that the pentacle symbol had become more common in modern commercial and political venues, supporting the position that the charge had become more inoffensive to the population at large. The counter-argument was made that pentacles and pentagrams were still being plainly called "satanic symbols" in newspaper articles across the US (by chiefs of police law enforcement officers, etc). After considering the various arguments, Shayk Da'ud ibn Auda, Laurel King of Arms, felt "compelled to uphold the prior precedents disallowing the registration of mullets of five points voided and interlaced, whether within and conjoined to an annulet or standing by themselves. [Based on the evidence presented, s]uch charges still are perceived by a significant portion of the population as [a] "satanic symbol", and hence cannot be registered by the College."

However, the presence and acceptance of Wicca as a religion in the United States has grown drastically in the past decade. The US military services have acknowledged the Wiccan religion in their Chaplain's handbook since at least 1990 (http://www.religioustolerance.org/wic_usbk.htm and http://studentorgs.utexas.edu/psa/articles/usarmy.html and http://www.heart7.net/toc-chap.html). More recently, the association of the pentacle with the Wiccan religion was acknowledged by the US government when the pentacle became the Wiccan religious symbol allowed on the Government-furnished headstones of fallen US soldiers (http://www.cem.va.gov/cem/hm/hmemb.asp). This is a change in governmental policy made in April 2007 as part of a settlement between the VA and the families of fallen Wiccan soldiers (http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/18274639/).

Beyond government recognition of the religion and the pentacle as its symbol, there is also the growth of the Wiccan religion itself. The American Religious Identification Survey (ARIS) shows that between 1990 and 2001, the number of adults in the US who identified as Wiccan increased from 8,000 to 134,000 (http://www.gc.cuny.edu/faculty/research_briefs/aris/key_findings.htm). Along with that growth has come greater recognition of Wiccanism _and its symbols_. In 2005, a teen in Alabama (and his mother) got the school to lift a ban on pentacles as religious symbols (http://legacy.decaturdaily.com/decaturdaily/teenpage/051004/wiccan.shtml). And, interestingly, when pentagrams were found at a vandalized ice rink in Abilene Texas in late 2007 (http://www.reporternews.com/news/2008/Jan/01/pentagram-not-just-a-wiccan-symbol/), the reporter identified them as "Wiccan" symbols... not satanic ones.

With the plethora of information available online, I thought that finding news stories about 'satanic symbols' would be easier than it was in 1996. However, I found only three articles that actually describe a satanic symbol as a star or pentagram (http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,337833,00.html , http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2001/jul/13/kateconnolly , ... and I can't re-find the story about a church lawn being burnt, I apologize). I found some references to the satanic symbol being specifically an inverted star. I also found a well thought-out document written by a detective in Vancouver describing occult symbolism for police officers to better understand what symbols might be associated with which types of occult beliefs (http://www.nagia.org/Gang%20Articles/Occult%20Symbols.htm). To give some context to these findings, however, I need to mention that in the same search I discovered that (1) a State Assemblyman in New Jersey wants to change the hockey team name to something other than "The Devils" (http://sports.espn.go.com/nhl/news/story?id=2071410), (2) the traditional Texas Longhorn's hand gesture is associated with the devil in Norway (http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1327121/posts), and (3) there are people in Colorado that believe that the peace sign is a Satanic symbol (http://www.gilroydispatch.com/opinion/199677-ordered-to-remove-that-satanic-symbol--the-peace-sign).

The conclusion I come to from all of this is that there is an ever-growing recognition in the public arena of the pentacle as a non-evil, religious symbol. The US government has even declared it non-offensive enough to put on the tombstones of fallen soldiers. So, while there are still... and will always be... some people who see the pentacle (and many, many other symbols) as a sign of satanism, that faction is no longer a significant part of the population.

4: Alheydis von Körckhingen - New Release of Badge 

OSCAR finds the name registered exactly as it appears in August of 2002, via Æthelmearc.

Azure, a decrescent argent within an orle Or.

This badge was registered to the submitter in November of 2004 (via AEthelmearc).

5: Alianor de Ravenglas - New Device 

OSCAR finds the name registered exactly as it appears in August of 2002, via the East.

Argent, a bend azure between two ravens and a chief sable.

The submitter's name was registered in August of 2002 (via the East).

6: Battista di Lupo Speranza - New Name 

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No major changes.
Language (Italian) most important.
Culture (Italian) most important.

Battista - Ferrante LaVolpe, "Italian Names from Florance, 1427" [http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/ferrante/catasto/] under "Alphabetical names list" [http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/ferrante/catasto/names.txt] counts 17 occurrences of this name in the data set.

Lupo - De Felice, Dizionario dei Nomi Italiani, p. 242, s.n. Lupo, states that the name comes from the local cult of St. Lupo (5th century).

N.F. Faraglia, "1800 Surnames Recorded in 1447" [http://www.abruzzoheritage.com/magazine/2002_06/d.htm] under "Letter -L-" lists the submitted spelling.

Speranza - N.F. Faraglia, "1800 Surnames Recorded in 1447" [http://www.abruzzoheritage.com/magazine/2002_06/d.htm] under "Letter -S-" lists the submitted spelling, but as a surname.

The pattern of <given name>+di+<father's given name>+<family name> is attested in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Names from Arezzo, Italy, 1386-1528" [http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/italian/arezzo.html]. This article discusses naming patterns found in the data set, and states that the pattern "gdgf" [the pattern here submitted] accounts for 28.7% of the full names in the raw data.

7: Beowulf fitz Malcolm - Resub Device 

OSCAR finds the name registered exactly as it appears in February of 2003, via Æthelmearc.

Quarterly purpure and sable, a sun eclipsed of the field, a bordure embattled argent.

The submitter's name was registered in February of 2003 (via AEthelmearc).

A previous submission of Or, a sun sable eclipsed Or and on a bordure embattled purpure the words "In Diece von Albrecht von Halstern" Or was returned at Laurel due to grammatical and stylistic problems with the text on the bordure.

8: Bj{o,}rn Ulfreksson - New Name & New Device 

Per pale Or and azure, a bear rampant sustaining a spear counterchanged.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
Client requests authenticity for 10th century Norse.
Language (would like surname as close to Wulfricson [sic]) most important.
Culture most important.

Bj{o,}rn - Geirr Bassi, p. 8 counts 42 occurrences of this given name in the Landnámabók.

Ulfrekr - E. H. Lind, Norsk-Isländska Dopnamn ock Fingerade Namn från Medeltiden, p. 1055, s.n. Úlfrekr, dates:

• ulfrikr, 1000
• Helghe Vlfreks, 1308
• Bardr Wlfreks s., 1320
• Ulfrekar, 1328
• Ulfræker Ionsson, 1384
• Þorkæil Vlfræks-, Vlfrekson, 1391
• Siger Wlfrekson, 1421
• Siugurda Vlfreks s., 1424

Geirr Bassi, p. 17, gives the genitive ending of names ending in -r as -s, which then takes the ending -son to form the patronym. Thus, Ulfrekr would yield Ulfreksson as a patronym.

9: Bj{o,}rn Ulfreksson - New Badge 

OSCAR finds the name on the Æthelmearc LoI of November 30, 2008 as submitted.

Per pale Or and azure, a bear's head cabossed counterchanged.

The submitter's name and device is submitted above.

10: Cainder ingen Chonchobair - New Name 

No major changes.
Client requests authenticity for 12th-13th century Ireland.
Language (12th-13th century Ireland) most important.
Culture (12th-13th century Ireland) most important.

Cainder - OCM, p. 43, give this as the pre-1200 spelling of this female name and list three Christian Saints who bore the name.

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Feminine Given Names (listed alphabetically)" does not include this name.

ingen - Sharon Krossa, "Quick and Easy Gaelic Names" under "Simple Patronymic Byname" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotnames/quickgaelicbynames/#simplepatronymicbyname] states:

The standard way to form a name using a simple patronymic byname for women is: <single given name> inghean <father's given name (in genitive case & always lenited unless starting with D, T, L, N, R, or a vowel)>.

Sharon L. Krossa, "A Simple Guide to Constructing 12th Century Scottish Gaelic Names" [http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/simplescotgaelicnames12.htm] gives ingen as the corresponding pre-1200 spelling.

Chonchobair - MacLysaght, p. 55, s.n. Mac Connor, gives the Gaelic as Mac Conchobhair.

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Conchobar / Conchobhar" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Conchobar.shtml] gives Conchobair as the normalized Old Irish Gaelic (c700-c900) genitive form and Middle Irish Gaelic (c900-c1200) genitive form. The annals include entries in the years 706, 760, 769, 772, 832, 935, 965, 973, 979, 1089, 1104, 1122, 1126, 1201, 1202, 1268, 1271, 1346, 1401, 1403, 1413, 1414, 1429, 1448, 1450, 1452, 1463, 1466, 1468, 1473, 1475, 1483, 1493, 1498, 1508, 1513, 1516 and 1603. The submitted normalized genitive form is not found in the raw data, but the normalized nominative form Conchobar is found the years 979, 1346, 1401, 1403, 1413 and 1508.

The medial h is added for lenition, per Sharon L. Krossa, "The Spelling of Lenited Consonants in Gaelic" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotlang/lenition.shtml].

11: Cainnech Chille Dhara - New Name  & New Device 

Argent, a spear gules winged sable.

Submitter desires a feminine name.
No major changes.
Sound most important.

Cainnech - Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Cainnech" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Feminine/Cainnech.shtml] gives this as the normalized Middle Irish Gaelic (c900-c1200) form, and dates the submitted spelling to the years 927, 928 and 929.

Chille Dhara - meaning "of Kildare"

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Eilionora" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Feminine/Eilionora.shtml] gives the name Eilénóra, ingen Iarla Chille Dara in the raw data dated to 1497. The form is here lenited for a woman and in the genitive case.

The submission forms states: "NB: Kildare encyclopedia Britannica, Irish form Cill Dara, Calhedrale date 1229." However, no photocopy was provided.

The LoAR of June 2006 [http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2006/06/06-06lar.html] s.n. Moira of Kildare states:

The submitter requested a name authentic for 16th C Ireland but accepted only minor changes. For a truly authentic 16th C Irish name, we suggest using Early Modern Irish forms for the given name and byname, and we also suggest adding a patronymic. We have no examples of full names for Irish women in the 16th C that do not include a patronymic byname. The Annals of the Four Masters 1597 entry has "Ro freccradh na fóccarta sin la h-iarla Cille Dara, la Gallaibh Midhe, & Laighen." ("These orders were responded to by the Earl of Kildare, and by the English of Meath and Leinster."). Since an authentic 16th C Irish name would include a patronymic, we've selected one at random--mic Feilim occurs in the entry of the Annals cited above, so we'll use its feminine equivalent, inghean Fheilim as an example. Máire Chille Dhara inghean Fheilim is an example of an authentic 16th C Irish name using the Irish forms of the name elements submitted here. A fully English form, Mary of Kildare would also be appropriate for 16th C Ireland.

12: Charles de Pomerai - New Name  & New Device 

Or, a lion rampant and in chief three apples gules, a bordure engrailed sable.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No major changes.
Language (Norman c. 1200) most important.
Culture (Norman c. 1200) most important.

Charles - Withycombe, p. 62, s.n. Charles, dates the submitted spelling, Charles, to 1273.

de Pomerai - Reany and Wilson, p. 357, s.n. Pomeroy, dates Ralph de Pomerai to 1086.

A letter of permission to conflict with the arms of Margarete Pomeroy, Argent, a lion rampant and in chief three apples gules, a bordure engrailed sable [submitted below], is included.

13: Christina Buttermann - New Name  & New Device 

Per chevron Or and sable, two roses sable and a harp, forepillar in the shape of a harpy, wings elevated and addorsed, Or.

Submitter desires a feminine name.
Client requests authenticity for German or English; 13th-14th century.

Christina - As an English name, Withycombe, p. 65, s.n. Christina, states: "The earlist example of the name noted is Christina, sister of Edgar Atheling, who was born in Hungary and fl. 1086. It had been in use in England ever since but, until recently, was not as common as Christian (q.v.)." Withycombe dates Cristina to 1273.

Reany and Wilson, p. 96, s.n. Christin, dates Cristina de Burlingeham to 1221.

As a German name, Bahlow, 2nd ed., p. 67, s.n. Christine, states only that the name is "well known on account of Gustavus Adolphus's daughter, the Queen of Sweden and the movie about her" and that the usualy 18th c. form was Christiane.

Brechenmacher, p. 115, s.n. Cristiner, states that the header form(s) are derived from the baptismal name Christian and mentions the place-name St. Christina in Ravensburg.

Buttermann - An an English name, Reaney and Wilson, p. 77, s.n. Butter, dates Thomas Butterman to 1302.

As a German name, Bahlow, 2nd ed., p. 66, s.n. Buttermann gives the meaning as "butter dealer" but gives no dated forms.

Brechenmacher, vol. 1, p. 258, s.n. Buttermann, dates Tileman Butterman (aud Rheinberg) to 1590. Ibid, p. 193, s.n. Bottermann, gives:

• Sigfridus B[ottermann] zu Hamburg, 1251
• Joh. Botterman aus Wesel, 1436
• Magnus Boterman aus Everswinkel, 1591

The submitter specifically wants this style of harp, which is found in Friar, p. 127, in the arms of various (admittedly post-period) English monarchs.

14: Christopher Logan of Lockley - New Name  & New Device 

Per pale purpure and argent, a cross of Jerusalem counterchanged.

Submitter desires a masculine name.

The submitter provided no documentation at all. However, I find:

Christopher - Withycombe, p. 65, s.n. Christopher, states in part:

Bardsley's earliest example of the name in England is of the 14th C, and he says he found none in the Hundred Rolls of 1273. There are however, examples on the name in the Curia Regis Rolls for 1201 and 1220, though it is certainly uncommon until the 15th C when it becomes more frequent (examples are Christofre Crease 1450, Crysteffor Johnson 1491, Christouer Hobye 1483).

Withycombe lists:

• Christopherus, 1201-3, 1220
• Cristoforus, 1379
• Cristofre, 14th-C
• Christofur, 1513

Logan - Reaney and Wilson, p. 283, s.n. Logan, state that the name is a locative "from Logan (ayr), or from minor places of this name" and they list:

• Robert Logan 1204
• Walter, Thurbrand de Logan 1230, 1272

Bardsley has no header for Logan

Black, p. 436-7, s.n. Logan, lists:

• Robert Logan, 1204
• Adam de Logan, 1226
• Walter de Logan, 1230
• William Logan, 1272

In support of Logan as a surname born by occupants of places other than towns named Logan, Black, loc. cit., lists:

• Wautier Logan of Lanarkshire, 1296
• Andreu de Logan of Wigtownshire, 1296

although it is unclear whether these shires may have included places named Logan within them.

Lockley - Reaney and Wilson, p. 282, s.n. Lockley, state that the name is a locative "from Lockleys in Welwyn (Herts)" and they list:

• Peter de Lockelee, 1199-1200
• Osbert de Lockeleg, 1226

Bardsley, 491, s.n. Lockley, gives the entry: "Local, 'of Lockerley' (?), a parish in co. Southampton, six miles from Ramsey." He gives:

• John Lockley, 1549
• Roger Lockley, 1580

Neither Mills nor Ekwall include Lockley as a header, although both list Lockerley.

Mills, p. 224, s.n. Lockerley, gives dates Locherlega to 1086.

Ekwall, p. 302, s.n. Lockerley, gives:

• Locherlega,c Locherslei, Doomsday Book
• Lokerlay, 1194
• Lokerle, 1203

15: Christopher Logan of Lockley - New Badge 

OSCAR finds the name on the Æthelmearc LoI of November 30, 2008 as submitted.

Vert, on a cross argent between in chief two lion's heads erased addorsed Or a cross potent purpure.

The Submitter's name and device are submitted above.

16: Ciaran Ó Tighearnaigh - New Name 

Submitter desires a masculine name.
Sound most important.
Language (Irish) most important.
Culture (Irish) most important.

The name was submitted as Ciaran Faolán Ó Tighearnaigh and was changed at kingdom in consult with one of the consulting heralds. The name Faolán can only be seen here as either a second given name or an unmarked patronym. Use of double given names and unmarked patronyms in Gaelic have both been cause for return in the past [Aislinn Fiona of Rumm, 08/01, R-An Tir]. We have therefore dropped the second given name in order to make the name registerable.

Ciaran - OCM, p. 51, s.n. Ciarán, give the meaning of this masculine name as "dark, black" and states that early Irish sources count some 26 saints of the name. OCM further states that "Ciarán never became common as a secular name in the early period."

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Ciarán" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Ciaran.shtml] gives Ciarán as the normalized Old Irish Gaelic (c700-c900) nominative form and the normalized Middle Irish Gaelic (c900-c1200) nominative form. The article counts 10 occurrences of the name in the annals in the years 512, 517, 549, 620, 743, 775, 784, 882, 921, 928, 938 and 1061. Some of these are in the genitive case. While the normalized forms given do have the acute accent, the forms in the raw data do not and are spelled as submitted when in the nominative case.

Ó - Sharon L. Krossa, "Quick and Easy Gaelic Names", under Clan Affiliation Bynames [http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotnames/quickgaelicbynames/#clanaffiliationbyname] states:

The standard way to form a name using an Irish clan affiliation byname for men is: <single given name> Ó <eponymous clan ancestor's name (in genitive case)> which means <given name> male descendant <of eponymous clan ancestor>

Tighearnaigh - MacLysaght, p. 286, s.n. (O) Tierney, gives the Gaelic as Ó Tighearnaigh but gives no dated forms.

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Tigernach" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Tigernach.shtml] gives Tigernach as the normalized Old Irish Gaelic (c700-c900) and Middle Irish Gaelic (c900-c1200) nominative form, and Tigernaig as the normalized Old Irish Gaelic (c700-c900) and Middle Irish Gaelic (c900-c1200) genitive form. The spelling Tighearnach appears in a nominative context in the raw data under years 822, 865, 884 and 916.

We note the registered name Ciarán mac Tighearnáin registered in March of 2000 (via Atlantia). RfS V.1.A.ii.(a) states in part, "Two bynames of relationship are significantly different if the natures of the relationships or the objects of the relationships are significantly different." The April 2002 cover letter discusses rules of conflict between Gaelic particles in depth and states in part:

Some particles are regularly discussed in commentary. Here are some combinations that are clear of auditory and visual conflict with each other: mac (pronounced "mahk") does not conflict with O (pronounced "oh").

The bynames mac Dhomhnaill and ua Dhomhnaill are both Gaelic bynames. The first means 'son of Domhnall', the second name literally means 'grandson [of] Domhnall'. These two bynames are clear because (1) they look and sound significantly different, and (2) the nature of the relationship ('son' versus 'grandson') is significantly different.

17: Conrad Kienast - New Name  & New Device 

Per bend sinister urdy argent and vert.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No major changes.
Language (German) most important.
Culture (German) most important.

Conrad - Withycombe, p. 72, s.n. Conrad, gives the origin as Old German Conrad, Chonrad and states that it was the name of a 10th c. saint and Bishop of Constance. According to Withycombe, the name "is essentially a German name, but has been occassionally used in England, the earliest example noted being Conrad Nye, rector of Foxley, Wilts, from 1436."

Brechenmacher, vol. II, p. 90, s.n. Konrad, dates Conr. filius Conradi to 1297. Ibid., s.n. Konrat(t)er, describes this header name as a patronym derived from Konrad and dates Lukas Conratter to 1499.

Kienast - Bahlow, p. 265, s.n. Kien, gives the meaning of the submitted name as "branch of a pine or fir tree" and dates Heinrich Chienast to 1286.

We note that the line of division is unusually pronounced, but is probably registrable. Myfanwy ferch Rhiannon noted in commentary that a similar, but not as accentuated/elongated version of the line division can be found in Friar and Ferguson [p. 149, fig. 7].

18: Cormac O'Gadhra - Resub Device 

OSCAR finds the name registered exactly as it appears in May of 1998, via Æthelmearc.

Per chevron sable and vert, a lion dormant and in chief a decrescent argent within a bordure ermine.

The submitter's name was registered in May of 1998 (via AEthelmearc).

The submitter's previous submission of Per chevron sable and vert, a decrescent and a lion dormant argent, a bordure ermine was returned with the following comments:

This device is returned, as the charges are not clearly co-primary or clearly a primary and secondary charge. If the lion were the sole primary, we would expect it to lie on both portions of the field. If the charges are co-primary, the decrescent should be drawn larger, which is not possible with the bordure and the steeply drawn per chevron line of division. We believe that the problem would be ameliorated if there were two charges in chief, not just one.

19: Dominic Beniamin - New Name 

No changes.

Dominic - Academy of St. Gabriel report 3261 [http://www.s-gabriel.org/3261] states:

The name <Dominic> came into use as an ordinary given name in England in the 13th Century in honor of Saint Dominic founder of the order of preachers. [1]

Withycombe, p. 85, s.n. Dominic(k), states:

In England itis found as a monk's name in Anglo-Saxon times, but did not come into use as an ordinary christian name until the 13th C, in honour of St. Dominic (1170-1221), founder of the Order of Preachers. It was used at first as both a m. and a f. name, sometimes appearing as Dominick, sometimes as Dominy; Domenyk occurs in the 15th C. The name was never common in England, and after the Reformation was used almost exclusively by Roman Catholics until quite recently....

Beniamin - Academy of St. Gabriel report 3261 [http://www.s-gabriel.org/3261] states:

In the 13th Century it is most likely that the byname meaning "son of Benjamin" would have simply been the name <Benjamin>. The name was not common during the Middle Ages, but in the 12th century, we find the spelling <Beniamin>, as well as a man named <Roger Beniamin> in 1166 (his father was probably named <Beniamin>). [2] We also found a reference to find one <Caterina fil. Benjamini> 'Caterina daughter of Benjamin' in 1273. [3] During your period, i and j were variants of the same letter, but in general, i was more common than j when the letter occurred internally within a word (as opposed to being the first or last letter). We can recommend <Dominic Beniamin> as good recreation for your period.

Footnote [2] references Reaney and Wilson [p. 39, s.n. Benjamin]; footnote [3] references Bardsley.

20: Eckhart von Insterburg - New Name  & New Device 

Per bend sinister argent fretty vert and azure, in base a winged lion sejant argent.

Submitter desires a masculine name.

Eckhart - Bahlow, p. 93, s.n. Eckhardt, gives the meaning as "bold with the sword" and states that the name was very popular in the middle ages. The entry mentions "Meister Eckhart", the German mystic, who was active c. 1300.

Brechenmacher, vol. I, p. 376, dates the submitted spelling as a patronym in Jost Eckhart dated to 1558.

Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "German Names from 1495" [http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/german/german1495.html] counts three instances of the submitted spelling in Eschenbach, Odheim and Reckenriet.

von - German preposition meaning "of" or "from"

Insterburg - Bahlow, Deutschland Geographiche Namenwelt, p. 238, gives the location of this place-name as East Prussia and gives the derivation as from the name of the Inster River, as in Angerburg from the Anger River.

A Google search for Insterburg yields a hit on an encyclopedia entry about what is now Chernyakhovsk in Russia (it was transferred from Germany to the Soviet Union after World War II) [http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Chernyakhovsk]. In the "History" section of the article, it says in part:

The Teutonic Knights founded a castle known as Insterburg in 1336. A settlement grew up to serve the castle, and this settlement, also called Insterburg [sic], was granted town privileges on 10 October 1583. Insterburg became part of the Duchy of Prussia and later the province of East Prussia within the Kingdom of Prussia.

21: Edward of Blackthorn - New Name  & New Device 

Per pale pean and gules, a bull rampant argent.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No major changes.
Language (14th century England) most important.
Culture (14th century England) most important.

Edward - Withycombe, p. 94, s.n. Edward, dates the name to 1187 as Edwardus.

Reaney and Wilson, p. 151-152, s.n. Edward, gives:

• William Edward, 1219
• Cristina Edwardis, 1279
• John Edwards, 1498

Blackthorn - Reaney and Wilson, p. 47, s.n. Blackthorn, give:

• de Blakethorn, 1276
• Blakethorn, 1379
• Blakthorn, 1442

In support of the submitted spelling of Black-, ibid. s.n. Blackston, dates Blackstan to 1235-42.

22: Egill the Dane - New Alternate Name  & New Badge 

OSCAR finds the name registered exactly as it appears in November of 1992, via the East.

Brecc Ruad

(Fieldless) An acord vert capped Or.

Submitted as Brecc Ruadan Finn, the name was changed at kingdom. The name Ruadan can only be seen here as either a second given name or an unmarked patronym. Use of double given names and unmarked patronyms in Gaelic have both been cause for return in the past [Aislinn Fiona of Rumm, 08/01, R-An Tir]. In consultation with the submitter, Ruadan has been replaced with the descriptive byname Ruad. The descriptives Ruad (meaning "red") and Finn (meaning "fair") would appear to be be contradictory. In consult with the submitter, the second descriptive has been dropped.

Brecc - OCM, p. 33, s.n. Brecc: Breac, state: "This name was fairly widely used in early medieval Ireland especially in Munster where it gave rise to the surname Uí Bricc (O Brick).

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Masculine Given Names" does not list this given name.

Ruad - Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Descriptive Bynames: Ruadh" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/DescriptiveBynames/Ruadh.shtml] gives Ruad as the normalized Middle Irish Gaelic (c900-c1200) nominative form of this describtive byname and counts 78 occurrences in the annals distributed evenly among the years 1039-1597.

23: Fáelán mac Geróit - New Name  & New Device 

Quarterly argent and sable, a wolf's head cabossed counterchanged maintaining in its mouth three thistles slipped inverted counterchanged argent and gules.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
Client requests authenticity for 8th-9th century Gaelic-speaking Scotland.
Meaning (Faelan son of Garoit) most important.

Fáelán - Black, p. 251, s.n. Faelan, gives the Gaelic as "Fáelán (also Fóelán), later Faolán" and describes it as "a reduced form of Fáelchú."

OCM, p. 92, s.n. Fáelán:Faolán, gives the meaning as "wolf" and states that "Fáelán is a common early name especially among the Royal families of Leinster" and mentions three kings of Leinster of the name between the 7th and 9th centuries, as well as 14 saints of the name.

[http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Faelan.shtml] gives Fáelán as the normalized Old Irish Gaelic (c700-c900) and Middle Irish Gaelic (c900-c1200) nominative form and counts 19 occurrences of the name (some in variant spellings or genitive) in the annals in the years 628, 633, 658, 660, 665, 666, 676, 678, 711, 733, 735, 738, 781, 785, 786, 799, 804, 891, 923, 940, 942, 951, 958, 964, 979, 980, 1010, 1033, 1041, 1042, 1051, 1063, 1069, 1128, 1161, 1203 and 1423.

mac - Gaelic meaning "son." Sharon L. Krossa, "Quick and Easy Gaelic Names" under "Simple Patronymic Byname" states:

The standard way to form a name using a simple patronymic byname for men is: <single given name> mac <father's given name (in genitive case & sometimes lenited)> which means <given name> son <of father's given name>

Geróit - OCM, p. 110, s.n. Geróit:Gearóid, states that this "is one of the Irish forms of the name Gerald... brought into Ireland by the Anglo-Normans. The other, and perhaps earlier, form is Gerald, Geralt. These two forms were considered to be different names in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries... The diminutive Geróitín, which is masculine, not feminine, occures as early as the thirteenth century..."

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Gearóid" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Gearoid.shtml] gives Gearóid as the normalized Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c1200-c1700) nominative and genitive form and counts only one occurrence of the name in 1486.

24: Felicitas Flußmüllnerin - New Name  & New Device 

Sable, on a nesselblatt Or a waterwheel gules.

Submitter desires a feminine name.
Meaning (wife of miller by river) most important.

Felicitas - Socin, p. 90, dates Felicitas Schwester des Humbert von Divonne to 1179.

Flußmüllnerin - intended meaning is "wife of a miller by a/the river"

Flußmüllner - Bahlow, Deutschland Geographiche Namenwelt, s.n. Floverich, gives Fluß, meaning "river, as a name element.

Brechenmacher, vol. II, p. 749, s.n. Wassermüller dates Urban Wassermoller aus Gießmannsdorf to 1534. (Wasser means "water" whereas Fluß means "river.")

Ibid, p. 293, s.n. Müllner describes this as "die älter, früh stark zurückgedrängte Form von Müller" [the older and (literally) "early strongly pushed back" form of Müller] and gives:

• Hainr. Molendarius, 1200
• Conr Mulnere, 1222
• Jacob der Mülner, 1265

Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Women's Surnames in 15th- and 16th-Century Germany" [http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/german/womenssurnames.html] analyzes the patterns of feminine German bynames and states:

In the Baden-Württemberg 1495 data, if the woman's husband was still living, she would be referred to almost exclusive as "his wife", with her husband preceding her in the entry. However, if she was a widow, or the head of her household, than invariably she was given with either the feminine form of her husband's or father's surname. The standard way of forming a feminine form of a surname is by adding -in to the end of it,...

Among High German dialects, feminizations ending with -in account for 28.7% of the bynames in the Rottweill dataset; 56.5% of the Kulmbach data set; and, 66.3% of the Nürnberg data set.

We note that the waterwheel should have been drawn larger, but should be registerable with an artist's note.

25: Fiachna mac Cennétig - New Name  & New Device 

Quarterly vert and azure, a heraldic dolphin naiant embowed between three pairs of battle axes in saltire Or.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No major changes.
Language (Irish Gaelic) most important.
Culture (Irish Gaelic) most important.

Fiachna - Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Fiachna" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Fiachna.shtml] gives Fiachna as the normalized Old Irish Gaelic (c700-c900) and Middle Irish Gaelic (c900-c1200) nominative form and counts three occurrences of the name in the years 752, 845 and 1086.

OCM, p. 98, s.n. Fiachna, state, "Fiachna was a popular name in the early period," and cite a St. Fiachna as well as two early (8th and 9th century) kings of Ulster.

mac - Sharon L. Krossa, "Quick and Easy Gaelic Names" under "Simple Patronymic Byname" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotnames/quickgaelicbynames/#simplepatronymicbyname] states:

The standard way to form a name using a simple patronymic byname for men is: <single given name> mac <father's given name (in genitive case & sometimes lenited)> which means <given name> son <of father's given name>

Cennétig - Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Cennétig " [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Cennetig.shtml] gives Cennétig as the normalized Middle Irish Gaelic (c900-c1200) nominative and genitive form and counts one occurrences of the name in the year 1159.

OCM, p. 49, s.n. Cennétig, cite Cennétig mac Gaíthíne, king and famous battler against the Vikings, and Cennétig mac Lorcáin, father of Brian Boru.

26: Fiona ingen ui Fhaolain - New Device 

OSCAR finds the name registered exactly as it appears in July of 2000, via Æthelmearc.

Azure, a greyhound courant between three coneys sejant argent.

The submitter's name was registered in July of 2000 (via AEthelmearc).

27: Fridrich Flußmüllner - New Name  & New Device 

Sable, on a schnecke Or issuant from sinister chief, a waterwheel gules.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
Meaning (miller by the river) most important.

Fridrich - Brechenmacher, vol. I, p. 506, s.n. Friedrich, gives:

• Chuonrat Friderichs, 1313
• Uolrich Friderichs, 1317

Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "German Names from Nürnberg, 1497: A - M" [http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/german/surnamesnurna-m.html] counts one occurrence of the submitted spelling in the cities surrounding Nürnberg.

Flußmüllner - intended meaning is "miller by a/the river"

Bahlow, Deutschland Geographiche Namenwelt, s.n. Floverich, gives Fluß, meaning "river, as a name element.

Brechenmacher, vol. II, p. 749, s.n. Wassermüller dates Urban Wassermoller aus Gießmannsdorf to 1534. (Wasser means "water" whereas Fluß means "river.")

Ibid, p. 293, s.n. Müllner describes this as "die älter, früh stark zurückgedrängte Form von Müller" [the older and (literally) "early strongly pushed back" form of Müller] and gives:

• Hainr. Molendarius, 1200
• Conr Mulnere, 1222
• Jacob der Mülner, 1265

The Pennsic submission form states that the submitter will accept Wassermüller if necessary, however this statement was not carried over onto the submission form itself.

We note that the LoAR of November 2000 states in part, "we know of no period examples of schneckes with secondary or tertiary charges, we find the use of both in this device to be two steps beyond period practice. We may [sic] allow secondary or tertiary charges with a schnecke, but we doubt that the use of either is period practice."

28: Gabriel Hawkes - Resub Device 

OSCAR finds the name registered exactly as it appears in October of 2007, via Æthelmearc.

Per chevron Or and purpure, an angel argent wings inverted and haloed and maintaining in front a sword palewise inverted and a bordure embattled sable.

The Submitter's name was registered in October of 2007 (via AEthelmearc).

The submitter's previous submission of Per chevron Or and purpure, an angel argent maintaining against its body a straight trumpet palewise inverted, in chief two tau crosses, a bordure embattled sable was returned by Laurel in October of 2007 due to stylistic problems involving the blurring of the distinction between primary charges (the angel) and secondary charges (the tau crosses). This resubmission eliminates the secondary charges.

29: Gabriel Hawkes - New Badge 

OSCAR finds the name registered exactly as it appears in October of 2007, via Æthelmearc.

Per chevron Or and purpure, two fleurs de lys sable and a winged sword argent, a bordure embattled sable.

The Submitter's name was registered in October of 2007 (via AEthelmearc).

30: Gareth Whytebull - New Name 

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No major changes.

Gareth - Withycombe, p. 125, s.n. Gareth, dates the submitted spelling as a given name to a baptism in 1593.

Whytebull - Bardsley, p. 807, s.n. Whitebull, dates Johannes Whytebull to 1379.

31: Garran Ó Murchadha - New Name 

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No major changes.
Language (Gaelic) most important.
Culture (Gaelic) most important.

Garran - This is the submitter's legal given name as stated on his New York State driver's license (copy provided).

The closest Irish given name we find is Garbán/Garbhán, found in OCM, p. 110, the latter being the modern form.

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Garbán" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Garban.shtml] gives Garbán as the normalized Middle Irish Gaelic (c900-c1200) nominative form and counts six individuals of the name (in various spelling variants and cases) in the years 598, 605, 609, 502, 739, 742, 747, 876 and 901.

Ó - Sharon L. Krossa, "Quick and Easy Gaelic Names", under Clan Affiliation Bynames [http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotnames/quickgaelicbynames/#clanaffiliationbyname] states:

The standard way to form a name using an Irish clan affiliation byname for men is: <single given name> Ó <eponymous clan ancestor's name (in genitive case)>which means <given name> male descendant <of eponymous clan ancestor>

Murchadha - Wolf, p. 622, s.n. Ó Murchadha, dates the Anglicized forms O Morchowe, O Morghoe and O Murphy to the times of Elizabeth I and James I of England.

Reany and Wilson, p. 317, s.n. Murchie, gives the Gaelic MacMhurchaidh as meaning "son of Murchadh" "sea-warrior".

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Murchad / Murchadh" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Murchad.shtml] gives Murchadha as one of two normalized Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c1200-c1700) genitive forms and counts 15 occurrences of the name in the years 715, 741, 887, 972, 974, 980, 1103, 1160, 1254, 1414, 1451, 1475, 1491, 1511, 1583 and 1591. The raw data gives Mac Murchadha in the year 1511.

32: Geoffrey le Warde - New Name  & New Device 

Vert, a sword inverted and on a chief argent three mullets vert.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No holding name.
Sound (JOFF-REE) most important.

Geoffrey - Withycombe, p. 128, s.n. Geoffrey, notes that Geoffrey was common in England from the 12th to the 15th century and gave rise to many surnames. The "modern name" (Withycombe's description) is from Middle English Geffrey. Withycombe gives:

• Geffrei, 1273
• Geffrey, Geffray, 1273
• Geffrai, 1306

Reaney and Wilson, p. 253, s.n. Jeffray, gives:

• Robert Geoffray, 1293
• William Geffrey, 1296
• John Gaffry, 1327

The submission notes that the submitter prefers the spelling Geoffry and would like the given changed to that spelling if possible, although no documentation was found specifically for tht spelling. Based on the dated forms in Reany and Wilson, Geoffry seems a plausible spelling for c. 1300.

le Warde - Reaney and Wilson, p. 475, s.n. Ward, date Simon le Warde to 1279.

33: Gilles de Beauchamps - New Badge 

OSCAR finds the name registered exactly as it appears in January of 2000, via Æthelmearc.

(Fieldless) An escallop vert.

The submitter's name was registered in January 2000 via AEthelmearc.

34: Gillian de Marisco - New Name  & New Device 

Azure, a caravel to sinister argent, in chief a dragon volant to sinister Or.

Submitter desires a feminine name.
No major changes.

The submitter cares most about spelling.

Gillian - Academy of St. Gabriel Report #3317 [http://www.s-gabriel.org/3317] states:

<Gillian> was a common name in medieval England; it is a vernacular form of the learned name <Juliana>. [1] We find the spelling <Gillian> in 1273 and 1303, so this particular form is a good choice for the 14th century. [2]

de Marisco- Eric R. Delderfield, "LUNDY, the Marisco's and Benson" ("The North Devon Story" (1952, rev. 1953)) [http://www.lerwill-life.org.uk/history/lundy.htm] mentions notable personages in the history of the Isle of Lundy, including one William de Marisco from 1235. The Encyclopædia Britannica Online, "Montfort, Simon de, Earl of Leicester" states that c. 1242, Simon took as his spiritual advisor one Adam de Marisco.

35: Gillian Llywelyn - New Household Name 

OSCAR finds the name registered exactly as it appears in September of 1996, via the East.

House Blackhart

No changes.
Meaning most important.

Reany and Wilson, list Black as a header form but does not give a dated citation. It forms the prototheme in numerous entries including:

• s.n. Blackadder: Robert Blackader, 1477
• s.n. Blackhall: Ralph de Blackhale, 1332
• s.n. Blackledge: Richard Blacklach, 1473
• s.n. Blackmore: Henry Blackmore, 1576
• s.n. Blackston: William Blackstan, 1235-42

Ibid., p. 219, s.n. Hart gives the origin of the name and its variants as Old English heorot and Middle English hert meaning "hart" and states that in Middle English, "heorot became hurt, roughly west of a line from Dorking to Birmingham, anbd this has occassionally survived, though often replaced by the standard hart from hert."

Bardsley, p. 362, s.n. Hart, dates Henrie Hart to 1599.

Reaney and Wilson, p. 486, s.n., Whitebuck, gives several examples of <color> + <animal> surnames:

• John Whitbok, 1313 ("white buck")
• John Whytebull, 1379, ("white bull")
• Ralph Witebullock, 1196 ("white bullock")
• Ralph Whittecalf, 1340-1450 ("white calf")
• Adam Witecolt, 1225 ("white colt")
• Gilbert Whitecou, 1327 ("white cow")
• John Whytegos, 1334 ("white goose")
• John Whitehorse, 1525 ("white horse")

Bardsley, p. 106, s.n. Blacklamb, dates William Blacklambe to 8 Edw. III [] and s.n. Black-ballock dates Robertus Blacballoc to 1273.

The submitter's current badge, Per pale vert and argent, a stag's head cabossed and in chief a mullet sable (registered in February of 2006 via AEthelmearc) is to be associated with this new household name.

Herald of Record: Pennsic

36: Gwyneth de Neutone Hille - New Name  & New Device 

Argent, a tree blasted vert issuant from a mount sable charged with a stag's head cabossed argent.

Submitter desires a feminine name.
Sound (Gwyneth de Newton Hill) most important.

Gwyneth - Morgan and Morgan, p. 118, s.n. Gwynedd, discusses at length the locative surname Gwynedd and variants as well as the female given name Gwyneth and variants. The origins of the female given name are unclear, and the earliest examples are in the reocrds of Conwy:

• Gwineth ver' Robert, 1577
• Gwenett, 1629
• Elena ver' Thomas gwynethe als gwrach y gwenniath

Among the examples given for the locative byname from the Shropshire registers, the medial -y- and -i- appear to be interchangeable:

• Gwinneth, 1634
• Gwinnett, 1552
• Gwyneth, 1578
• Gwynneis, 1574

de - preposition for a locative byname. The submitter will accept the change to the English of, if necessary.

Neutone Hille- Ekwall,p. 341, s.n. Newton, gives

• Nevtone, Domesday Book
• Neutona, 1254
• Neuton, 1242, 1291, 1305, 1341, 1352, 1418, 1423 and numerous others
• Neutone, Domesday Book, 1331
• Nywetone, 1315

Reaney and Wilson, p. 322, s.n. Newton, cites Stephen de Neuton', dated to c. 1280, and William Neuton, dated to 1370.

Hille - Reaney and Wilson, p. 231, s.n. Hill, give Simon Hille, 1273, as a toponym.

Bardsley, p. 383-384, s.n. Hill, gives:

• Walter de la Hille, 1273
• Henry de la Hille, Hen. III-Edw. I [1272]

37: Hans zem Dragen - New Name  & New Device 

Gules, a bend bendy sinister argent and sable between a drawn bow bendwise with arrow bendwise sinister point to dexter base, and a sword bendwise Or.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
Language (German) most important.

Hans - Bahlow/Gentry, p. 190, s.n. Hans, describe this as a short form of Johannes, "the most popular f[irst] n[ame] in the Middle Ages."

zem Dragen - Socin, p. 375, gives Henricus zem Dragen as occuring in the Liber Censuum Eccleiae sancti Albani infra muros Basilae, scriptus anno 1284, a manuscript with post-entries through the end of the 14th century.

38: Helene al-Zarqa' - New Device Change 

OSCAR finds the name registered exactly as it appears in October of 2004, via Æthelmearc.

Azure, a double-headed eagle displayed argent and on a chief indented Or three semi-minums azure.

Old Item: Azure, a dance between three semiminims Or, to be retained.

The submitter's name and current device were registered in October of 2004 (via AEthelmearc). The form of semi-minum depicted here was documented at the time of the submission of the old device and is grandfathered here.

The LoAR of December 2004 states in part:

The musical note drawn here is an ovoid with a vertical stem rising from the sinister end. While this is a typical SCA form as described in the Pictorial Dictionary, further research has not been able to show this form of musical note as a period musical note. It continues to be registerable, but submitters should be advised that the standard form of such a note would have been a lozenge with a stem rising from its top point.

Note the conflict with, Anna de Byxe, Azure, an owl displayed argent and on a chief indented Or three roundels gules, registered in February of 2000 (via Drachenwald). A blanket permission to conflict with this device with one CD was granted 0711D.

39: Ingirídr Hikri Fridriksdóttir - New Device Change 

OSCAR finds the name registered exactly as it appears in August of 1992, via the East.

Argent, a cameleopard statant purpure.

Old Item: Or, a sea unicorn erect contourny and in chief four escallops purpure, to be released.

The submitter's was registered in August of 1992 (via the East).

The submitter's current device was registered in April of 2001 (via AEthelmearc).

40: Ingunn Halldorsdottir - New Name  & New Device 

Per bend sinister wavy vert and argent, a Thor's hammer Or and a fox rampant proper.

No major changes.

Ingunn - Geirr Bassi, p. 12, counts 3 occurrences of this name in the Landnámabók.

Halldorsdottir - Geirr Bassi, p. 10, counts 17 occurrences of Halldórr in the Landnámabók.

Geirr Bassi, p. 17, gives the genitive case of names ending with -rr are formed by changing the ending -rr to -rs. The patronymic suffix -dóttir is then added to the genitive case stem.

The LoAR of August 2003 states: "While Old Norse names may be registered with or without accents, other diacritical marks cannot be omitted without documentation." [Disa blat{o,}nn, A-Caid]

41: Isabel la Roja - New Name  & New Device 

Or, a dragon-headed bow vert.

Submitter desires a feminine name.
Sound most important.

Isabel - Elsbeth Anne Roth, "16th Century Spanish Names: Feminine Given Names by Frequency" [http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~kvs/heraldry/spanish16/fem-given-freq.html] lists Isabel as the third most common name in the data set, accounting for 14% of the total.

la Roja - Elsbeth Anne Roth, "16th Century Spanish Names: All bynames in alphabetical order" [http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~kvs/heraldry/spanish16/bynames-alpha.html] dates Francisca la Roja to 1562.

A letter of permission to conflict between Isabel la Roja, Or, a dragon-headed bow vert, and Seamus Rogan, Or, a dragon-headed bow sable, is provided, signed by Seamus Rogan (using his legal name).

42: Ishiyama Gen'tarou Yori'ie - New Name  & New Badge 

(Fieldless) On a hexagon Or a rabbit's head cabossed sable.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No major changes.
Sound most important.

Ishiyama - Solveig Throndardottir, Name Construction in Medieval Japan, p. 153, s.v. SEKI/ishi, gives the meaning of this mporpheme as "rock" and dates its use as a descriptive morpheme in surnames as follows:

• Ishibashi, 1392 ("rock" + "bridge")
• Ishida, 1568 ("rock" + "rice paddy")
• Ishidou, 1392 ("rock" + "pagoda")
• Ishi'i, 1392 ("rock" + "well")
• Ishikawa, 1183 ("rock" + "river")
• Ishizaki, 1572 ("rock" + "slope")

Ibid., p. 145, s.v. SAN/yama, gives the meaning of this mporpheme as "mountain" and dates its use as a substantive morpheme in surnames as follows:

• Akiyama, 1600 ("autumn" + "mountain")
• Anayama, 1600 ("hole/cleft" + "mountain")
• Asayama, 1392 ("morning" + "mountain")
• Hatakeyama, 1332 ("dry field" + "mountain")
• Hirayama, 1332 ("flat/even" + "mountain")
• Kameyama, 1332 ("tortoise (longevity)" + "mountain")
• Kamiyama, 1392 ("superior" + "mountain")
• Koyama, 1600 ("small" + "mountain")
• Kuwayama, 1568 ("mulberry bush" + "mountain")
• Moriyama, 1392 ("protect/defend" + "mountain")
• Murayama, 1392 ("village" + "mountain")
• Nishiyama, 1568 (west" + "mountain")
• Okuyama, 1568 ("innermost" + "mountain")
• Ooyama, 1568 ("big" + "mountain")
• Oyama, 1332 ("small" + "mountain")
• Sakurayama, 1600 ("cherry tree" + "mountain")
• Toriyama, 1600 ("bird" + "mountain")
• Toyama, 1600 ("industry" + "mountain")

Thus, Ishiyama should be a plausible constructed surname with the meaning "rocky/stoney mountain"

Gen'tarou - Ibid., p. 37, discusses the formation of a tsuushou, a personal name in which the descriptive element is an emblematic kanji (tsuuji) associated with the the clan to which the individual belongs. Solveig states: "While a member of the kuge or buke classes would have a nanori, he would commonly be called by a tsuushou or yobina. Common tsuushou are listed, among which are the following that use GEN as the tsuuji:

• Genta
• Gensan
• Gen'uchi

In the same list of tsuushou, two are listed that use a type of ordinal counter (indicating rank or birth order within the clan) followed by the kanji "rou":

• Atarou (A is the tsuuji; ta indicates the "standing as most senior member of the ...clan"; rouu is a "counter" for sons)
• Tou'ichirou (here ichi means "one" or "first")

Ibid., p. 211, lists several yobina in which the substantive element is comprised of the two-kanji phrase tarou dated variously to 1183, 1438, 1568, 1600.

Yori'ie - Ibid., p. 366, dates this as an historical masculine Nanori to 1332.

Ibid., p. 245, s.v. yori, gives the meaning of this morpheme as "request / ask" and dates its use as the descriptive element in nanori to 1138, 1332, 1392, 1568, 1572, 1600.

Ibid., p. 135, s.v. ie, gives the meaning of this morpheme as "rural house / family" and dates its use as the substantive element in nanori to 1183, 1332, 1392, 1568, 1572, 1600.

The structure here is the expected <family name><common name><nanori>. Here, the common name is a constructed tsuushou rather than a yobina).

Note that the consulting herald, as given on the Pennsic Name Worksheet, is Solveig Throndardottir.

We note this precedent:

Fieldless badges consisting only of forms of armorial display, such as escutcheons, lozenges and delfs, are not acceptable since in use the "shield" shape does not appear to be a charge, but rather the field itself. This presents an entirely different armory for view. (Stephen Wolfe, September, 1993, pg. 25)

43: Isobella MacClure - New Name  & New Device 

Azure, a crescent Or and on a chief argent three ravens sable.

Submitter desires a feminine name.
Meaning (Isabel MacClure) most important.

Isobella - Talan Gwynek, "A List of Feminine Personal Names Found in Scottish Records" [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/scottishfem.html], under "Post-1400 Names" dates the submitted spelling to 1545.

MacClure - Black, p. 472, s.n. MacClure, dates Robert McClure to 1526 and Tho. Maklure to 1532.

44: Jacob of Dunmore - New Name 

Submitter desires a masculine name.
Sound most important.

Jacob - Withycombe, p. 169, s.n. Jacob, discussesto Hebrew origin of the name and numerous variants in a variety of western European languages, but summarizes its use in England thusly:

Jacob is found four times in England before the Conquest, but always as the name of an ecclesiastic. After the Conquest there is little evidence of the use of Jacob except occasionally as the name of a Jew, though Godstow 1450 has 'St. Philip and St. Jacob'. Jacobus was, of course, the almost invariable form of James, &c., in Latin documents, and the surnames Jacobs, Jacobs, Jacoby, if not of Jewish origin, are possibly from the Latin. The general use of Jacob as a christian name dates from the Reformation, and is due to the fact that the English translators of the Bible, while using the English form James for the two apostles, retained Jacob for the patriarch.

Arval Benicoeur and Talan Gwynek, "A List of 15th Century English Men's Names" [http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/arval/agincourt/] counts two occurrences of Jacob in the data set, comprised of given names from "The Agincourt Honor Roll" [http://www.familychronicle.com/agincort.htm], web-published by Family Chronicle, a magazine for amateur genealogists, which was scanned out of Sir Nicolas Nicholas Harris, History of the Battle of Agincourt and of the Expedition of Henry the Fifth into France in 1415 to which is added the Roll of the Men at Arms in the English Armory, 3rd edition (London: Johnston & co., 1833). The data set gives these two occurrences as Jacob Bery and Jacob Denys [http://www.familychronicle.com/agin_ae.htm].

Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn, "Names and Naming Practices in the Red Book of Ormond (Ireland 14th Century): Given Names" [http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/tangwystyl/lateirish/ormond-given.html] gives the following entry for Jacob:

Jacobus 1, Jacobo (ablative) 1, Jacobum (accusative) 1; Irish (1), Welsh (1), and English (1) contexts.

Dunmore - Room, s.n. Dunmore, gives the Gaelic as Dún Mór meaning "big fort". According to the summary on the submission form, the Galway Dunmore takes its name from the large fort that belonged to Turloch Mór O Conor, the 12th century high king and king of Connacht.

Black, p. 230, s.n. Dunmore, cites Richard de Dunmore in 1305 and Stephen de Dunmore in Fife in 1406.

45: Jehan de la Marche - New Augmentation of Arms 

OSCAR is unable to find the name, either registered or submitted.

Gules, a crow rising, pierced by an arrow, both argent, and for augmentation, a demi-escarbuncle argent issuant from chief .

According to the on-line Ordinary and Armorial, "Either the name [Jehan de la Marche] or the following device associated it (or both) were registered in January of 1973: Gules, a crow rising, pierced by an arrow, both argent."

46: Jyne Stillwell - New Name 

Submitter desires a feminine name.
No major changes.
Language (Scot/English) most important.
Culture (Scot/English) most important.

Jyne - Black, s.n. Flatay, dates Jyne Flatay to 1552.

Stillwell - Reany and Wilson, p. 428, s.n. Stillwell, dates John Stillwell to 1583.

47: Kara Ivarsdottir - New Name  & New Device 

Vert, on a lozenge argent a turtle tergiant vert.

Submitter desires a feminine name.
Meaning (Ivarr's daughter) most important.

Kara - Geirr Bassi, p. 12, counts one occurrence of Kára in Snorri's Heimskringla.

Ivarsdottir - Geirr Bassi, p. 12, counts four occurrences of Ívarr in the Landnámabók.

Geirr Bassi, p. 17, gives the genitive case of names ending with -rr are formed by changing the ending -rr to -rs. The patronymic suffix -son or -dóttir is then added to the genitive case stem.

The LoAR of August 2003 states: "While Old Norse names may be registered with or without accents, other diacritical marks cannot be omitted without documentation." [Disa blat{o,}nn, A-Caid]

48: Karsten the Black - New Name  & New Device 

Per chevron Or and sable, a demi-eagle reguardant gules issuant from the line of division and on a Tau cross Or five mullets of eight gules.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No major changes.

Karsten - Bahlow/Gentry, p. 259, s.n. Karsten, indicates a sound shift from Kersten to Karsten c. 1300.

Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Low German Names from Hamburg, 1475-1529" [http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/german/hamburg.html] dates the submitted spelling to 1483 and 1484 as a masculine given name.

the Black- A Lingua Anglica form of the German Schwartz (and variants) meaning "black". Bahlow/Gentry, p. 462-463, s.n. Schwar(d)t, gives varous forms, incuding Schwarte, Schwarten, Schwa(t)z and Schwarze, the first two being Low German forms.

Brechenmacher, p. 580, s.n. Schwarz, =tz(e), dates Perhtold Swarze zu Brixen to 1200.

The submission forms states that only one change is allowed, that being the change from the Black to Blackshield if necessary.

49: Katharine of Caithness - New Name 

Submitter desires a feminine name.

The submitter cares most about spelling.

Katharine - Talan Gwynek, "A List of Feminine Personal Names Found in Scottish Records" [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/scottishfem.html], s.n. Katherine gives the following dated forms, among others:

• Katherine, 1512
• Kathrine, 1589
• Katrina, 1548
• Katrine, 1499
• Catharine, 1459

Sharon L. Krossa, "Early 16th Century Scottish Lowland Names: Women's Given Names - Alphabetical" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotnames/lowland16/womenalpha.shtml] gives the follwing dated forms:

• Katherene 1 1543 (1)
• Katherin 6 1502 (1) , 1508 (1) , 1509 (3) , 1543 (1)
• Katherine 17 1500 (1) , 1505 (1) , 1548 (6) , 1549 (7) , 1550 (2)

Caithness - The submitter includes a web article from Caithness.org [http://www.caithness.org/history/articles/march90/wickcharter.htm] that gives the text of the "Wick Charter" from 1589, whereby James IV granted the status of Royal Burg to Wick, within the shire of Caithness. The text mentions Caithness, but it appears that the spelling of the entire document has been modernized.

Johnston, Place-Names of Scotland, p. 121, dates Caithness from 970 onwards. The entry reads:

Caithness. c. 970 Pict. Chron. Kathenessia, c. 1150 Bk. Deer Catness, and Ir. Nennius Cat., a. 1130 Sim. Durh. ann. 934 Cathenes, c. 1150 Cataneis, c. 1155 Chaenois (Fr.), 1196 Hovenden Cathania id est Catenes, c. 1225 Orkn. Sag. Ness. 'Ness or nose of the Cataibh, or cat-men'; why so called we know not; cf. the Cattegat. In G. Gallaibh, 'strangers' (Norse) land. Possible also is derivation fr. O.N. kati, gen. kata, 'a kind of small ship.' Cf. Catacol.

The online Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707, K.M. Brown et al eds (St Andrews, 2007-2008) [http://www.rps.ac.uk] "is a fully searchable database containing the proceedings of the Scottish parliament from the first surviving act of 1235 to the union of 1707." A manuscript dated 26 November, 1513, Perth, of the General Council under James V recording deliberations concerning the Scottish ambassadors' mission in France [http://www.rps.ac.uk/search.php?action=fc&fn=jamesv_ms&id=id3360&query=Caithness&type=ms&variants=Ca ithness&google=Caithness#] reads in part:

In the generale counsale haldin at Perthe, the xxvj day of November, the yere of God ane thousand five hundreth and threttene yeris, convenit thir lordis undirwrittin: that is to say, maist reverend and reverend faderis in God James, archibischep of Glasgw, chancelare, Williame, bischep of Abirdene, James, bischep of Dunblane, Andro, bischep of Caithness,...

50: Kilian Helm - New Name 

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No major changes.
Language most important.

This is a kingdom-level resubmission. The submitter's previous submission of Däumler Helm was returned at kingdom on LoR AE107 on August 25, 2007 because the name, as submitted, combined two bynames with no given name.

Kilian - Bahlow, p. 266, s.n. Kilian, states that Kilian is the patron saint of Würtzburg, a Franconian saint, and further clarifies that Kilian and Colomban were Irish missionaries in Franconia in the 7th century. Bahlow quotes the Humanist writer and satirist Johann Fischart as saying that "Franconians are called Kilian." Variants are given as Kliius, Kilgus, Kill and others.

Brechanmacher, vol. 2, p. 41, s.n. Kilian, dates Märk Kylian zu Koblau to 1443

Wikipedia, s.v. Saint Kilian, states in part:

Saint Kilian, also spelled Killian or Cillian, was an Irish missionary bishop and the apostle of Franconia (nowadays the northern part of Bavaria), where he began his labors towards the end of the 7th century.

There are several biographies of him. The oldest texts which refer to him are an 8th century necrology at Würzburg and the notice by Hrabanus Maurus in his martyrology...

The elevation of the relics of the three martyrs was performed by Burchard, the first Bishop of Würzburg. Their skulls, inlaid with precious stones, have been preserved to this day. On St Kilian's day, a glass case containing the three skulls is removed from a crypt, paraded through the streets before large crowds, and put on display in Würzburg Cathedral (dedicated to Kilian). Statues of these three saints (among others) line the famous Saints' Bridge across the River Main...

The name has several variations in spelling (e.g. Chillian, Killian, Cilian, Kilian). In Ireland, the preferred spelling is Cillian; the name appears thus in the Irish liturgical calendar. Saint Kilian's feast day is July 8, and he is usually portrayed, as in his statue at Würzburg, bearing a bishop's crozier and wielding a sword. The Kiliani-Volksfest (two weeks in July) is the main civil and religious festival in the region around Würzburg...

Kilian is still in use as a given name in South Africa, Australia, Ireland, the USA and the Franconian portion of Germany.

Helm - Bahlow, p. 211, s.n. Helm, gives the meaning as "helmet" and dates Andreas Helm to 1404

According to the submission form, Helm is the submitter's legal surname, although no proof of such is provided.

51: Ko'uchi Hideko - New Name Change  & New Device 

Per fess argent and azure, a raven volant and a cutlass fesswise reversed within a bordure counterchanged.

Old Item: Celine Violier, to be retained.
Submitter desires a feminine name.
Client requests authenticity for Japan.
Language (Japan) most important.
Culture (Japan) most important.

The submitter's old name was registered in February of 2006 (via AEthelmearc).

Submitted as Kou'ichi Hiteko, the name was changed at kingdom to match the documentation that was provided on both the submission form and on the Pennsic worksheet.

Ko'uchi - The submission form gives Kou'ichi and references Solveig Throndardottir, Name Construction in Medieval Japan, p. 321, stating that the name is an uji [clan name] dated to 1600. However, the page cited gives Ko'uchi dated to 1600 as an historical surname. The spelling Kou'ichi appears on the submission form in the header section and in the documentation area, as well as on the Pennsic worksheet. However, the kanji that appear on the worksheet are those for Ko'uchi. There is a crossed-out page reference for p. 37 where one finds Kou'ichi as a Tsuushou of the Oo'e clan. On page 37, Solveig discusses the formation of a tsuushou, a personal name in which the descriptive element is an emblematic kanji (tsuuji) associated with the the clan to which the individual belongs (tsuuji). Solveig states: "While a member of the kuge or buke classes would have a nanori, he would commonly be called by a tsuushou or yobina. Thus, a tsushou would appear to be a uniquely masculine name element. In summary, the submitted name Kou'ichi is a masculine tsuushou appearing in the position where one would expect either an uji [clan] name or surname. The historical surname Ko'uchi, found on the referenced pages and written with the kanji indicated on the Pennsic worksheet, is a more appropriate name element in this position.

Hideko - The submission form gives Hiteko in the header section of the submission form, but Hideko in the documentation area ond on the Pennsic worksheet. The submission form references Solveig Throndardottir, Name Construction in Medieval Japan, p. 376, stating that the name is a nanori [masculine personal name] dated to 1147 and 1392. However, the page cited gives Hideko as an historical feminine name dated to 1147 and 1392.

52: Lazarus Iunius Severus - New Name  & New Device 

Gyronny sable and argent, eight arrows points to center counterchanged.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No major changes.

The submission forms states that the "client really wants Lazarus in his name."

Lazarus - Bardas Xiphias, "Common Names of the Aristocracy in the Roman Empire During the 6th and 7th Centuries:

Masculine Names Alphabetically" [http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/byzantine/PLRE_masc_names.html] counts three occurrences of Lazarus in Martindale, J. R., The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, volumes IIIa and IIIb, Cambridge University Press, 1992. It is unclear whether this source lists only prænomen, only nomen or both.

Iunius - Meradudd Cethin, "Names and Naming Practices of Regal and Republican Rome - Prænomen and Nomen" [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/roman/names.html] under "Nomen" dates the name to 509-62 BCE.

Severus - Meradudd Cethin, "Names and Naming Practices of Regal and Republican Rome - Cognomen and Agnomen" [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/roman/names2.html] does not list Severus as a cognomen. However, the intorductory material at [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/roman/] states:

The Cognomen was commonly formed as the stirps of the gens to which the person was a part of. Originally, the cognomen was a sobriquet of one type or another, describing a physical feature (Naso, the long-nosed), attribute (Severus, the severe) or place of origin (Gallus, of Gaul)

53: Lidia Allen - New Name 

Client requests authenticity for 16th century Chesham.

Lidia - Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Feminine Given Names in Chesham, 1538-1600/1" [http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/chesham/chesham-feminine.html] dates Lidia to 1573.

Allen - Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Surnames in Chesham, 1538-1600/1" [http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/chesham/chesham-surnames-all.html] dates Allen to 1542.

54: Livia Valentini - New Name  & New Device 

Sable, a weaver's knot and in chief a label Or.

Submitter desires a feminine name.
No major changes.
Language (Italian) most important.
Culture (Italian) most important.

Livia - Academy of Saint Gabriel Report 2206 [http://www.s-gabriel.org/2206], in discussing Roman Republican naming practices states:

By the late Republic period, women usually bore a feminized nomen followed by a feminized form or even a feminine diminutive of their father's cognomen. For example, the daughter of <Marcus Livius Drusus> was recorded as <Livia Drusilla>, although <Livia Drusa> would have been equally appropriate. Many variations arose during the imperial period, and by the latter centuries of the empire a woman might have been known by her father's nomen and cognomen (<Aemilia Lepida>, daughter of <Lucius Aemilius Lepidus>), by a combination of her father's and mother's nomina (<Valeria Attia>, daughter of <Marcus Attius Atticus> and <Valeria Sextina>), or by her father's nomen and a personal cognomen.[3]

The submitter also gives an Amazon.com URL link to Livia: First Lady of Imperial Rome by Anthony A. Barrett [http://www.amazon.com/Livia-First-Lady-Imperial-Rome/dp/0300102984/ref=pd_bbs1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1 212559314&sr=8-1] The back cover informs us that the titular Livia was the wife of the first Roman Emperor, Caesar Augustus, and the mother of the second, Tiberius.

Valentini - a genitive form derived from the masculine cognomen Valentinian.

Harold Whetstone Johnston, The Private Life of the Romans, Revised by Mary Johnston (Scott, Foresman and Company, 1903, 1932), Chapter 2 "Roman Names", paragraph 58 "Names of Women" [http://www.forumromanum.org/life/johnston_2.html#58], states in part:

It was more usual for the unmarried woman to be called by her father's nōmen in its feminine form, with the addition of her father's cognōmen in the genitive case, followed later by the letter f (fīlia) to mark the relationship. An example is Caecilia Metellī.

Ralph W. Mathisen, "De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors" under Valentinian III (425-455 A.D) [http://www.roman-emperors.org/valenIII.htm] gives the emperor's full name as Placidus Valentinianus.

55: Lorenzo di Raffaele fabro - New Name 

No major changes.
Language (15th century Italian) most important.
Culture (15th century Italian) most important.
Meaning (Lorenzo, ironsmith) most important.

Lorenzo - Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Names from Arezzo, Italy, 1386-1528: List of given names, by frequency" [http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/italian/arezzofreq.html] lists Lorenzo as the fifth most frequently occurring name in the data set, counting 28 occurrences.

Raffaele - Ibid., lists Raffaele and counts one occurrence of the name.

Fabro - Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Names from Arezzo, Italy, 1386-1528" discusses naming patterns and states that the pattern gdgx[<given name> + di + <given name> + <descriptive>) accounts for 1.8% of the full names in the data set and gives the example: Guerrante di Iacopo ritagliatore. The author further clarifies:

Some of the men's ancestors were recorded with a further descriptive which in most cases looks to be a type of occupation. These are not to be considered as part of the person's name; however, since they appear in the collected raw data below, I have listed them here.

56: Magge Illefoster - New Name 

Submitter desires a feminine name.
No major changes.

Magge - Withycombe, s.n. Margaret, dates Magge to 1273.

Illefoster - Jeanne Marie Lacroix, "'Misplaced' Names in Reaney & Wilson - Sorted By Name" [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/misplacednamesbyname.htm] dates this byname to 1192 and gives the meaning as "wicked foster child", citing Reaney and Wilson, p. 248, s.n. Illbode.

57: Marcán an Fhasaigh - New Name  & New Device 

Azure, a tetraskelion of horse's heads conjoined within an annulet argent.

Meaning (Marcan of the Wilderness) most important.

Marcán - Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Marcán" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Marcan.shtml] gives the submitted spelling as the normalized Old Irish Gaelic (c700-c900) and Middle Irish Gaelic (c900-c1200) nominative form and counts four individuals of the name in the years 647, 653, 990, 1003, 1009, 1010 and 1021.

OCM, p. 134, s.n. Marcán, mentions Marcán mac Cennétig (died 1010), brother of Brian Boru.

an Fhasaigh - Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Descriptive Bynames: an Fhasaigh" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/DescriptiveBynames/anFhasaigh.shtml] gives the meaning as "[of] the Wilderness", gives the submitted spelling as the normalized Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c1200-c1700) genitive form and counts one individual of the name in the year 1581.

58: Margarete Pomeroy - New Name  & New Device 

Argent, a lion rampant and in chief three apples gules, a bordure engrailed sable.

Submitter desires a feminine name.
No major changes.
Sound (sound like 'Marquerite') most important.

Margarete - Talan Gwynek, "Late Sixteenth Century English Given Names" (Alphabetical Name List) [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/eng16/eng16alpha.html] counts one occurrence of the submitted spelling in the data set.

Pomeroy - Bardsley, s.n. Pomeroy, dates Robert Pomeroy to 1 Edw. III [1327] and Andrew Pomeroy to 1594.

Reaney and Wilson, p. 357, s.n. Pomeroy, dates (apparently the same) Robert Pomeroy to 1327.

A letter of permission to conflict with the arms of Charles de Pomerai, Or, a lion rampant and in chief three apples gules, a bordure engrailed sable, [submitted above] is included.

59: Matatias filius Lie Blunde - New Device 

OSCAR finds the name registered exactly as it appears in August of 2002, via the East.

Argent, a Hebrew letter resh and a chief sable.

The submitter's name was registered in August of 2002 (via the East).

The artist notes on the Pennsic worksheet that the letter on the emblazon was modelled after one appearing on a Hebrew grammar website but does not give the URL.

Jewish Virtual Library [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org] under "Hebrew Alphabet" [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/alephbet.html] shows the Hebrew letter resh. The downstroke in the submitted emblazon is slightly slanted (bendwise sinister), whereas the downstroke of the resh on the Jewish Virtual Library's site is vertical, however the letter on the emblazon seems clearly recognizable as a resh.

We note the longstanding ban on abstract symbols as sole charges, recently upheld and expanded on the LoAR of March 2006:

There has long been precedent against armory consisting of a single abstract charge -- symbols that represent a phoneme or meaning, such as letters, numbers, runes, and kanji -- as well as against the registration of monograms. The rationale has been to prevent one submitter from having exclusive right to a symbol which should be commonly available to all. That rationale would, we feel, also apply to phrases made up from multiple abstract charges, if those are the sole elements of the armory. Thus, as we should not accept Argent, the letter L sable or Argent, in fess the letters LO sable, we should not accept Argent, the word LOVE sable. The same argument applies here: we cannot accept a design consisting solely of kanji. We therefore extend the ban on single abstract charges to cover any armory consisting solely of abstract charges, in any language (e.g., Japanese kanji, Norse runes, Arabic script, etc.). This applies whether the armory consists of a single word or a phrase. [LoAR March 2006, Returns, s.n. Yamahara Yorimasa]

60: Mikesch Synner - New Name  & New Device 

Or billety gules, a lion bendy gules and argent.

No major changes.
Sound (Mākin Sin) most important.
Language (German) most important.
Culture (German) most important.

Mikesch - Bahlow/Gentry, p. 476, s.n. Sinner, dates Mikesch Synner to 1368.

Synner - Ibid.

The female submitter is aware that the name is masculine.

Although the submitter will not accept major changes, she specifically allows the substitution, if necessary, of Maacken, but does not state whether the substitution is intended to be allowed for the given name or byname.

Maacken- Bahlow/Gentry, p. 315, s.n. Maa(c)k, describes the header form as a short form of the Low German Markward and gives the patronymic forms as Maacken(s).

We note the large number of billets and defer to wreath as to whether a redraw is necessary. Myfanwy ferch Rhiannon noted in kingdom commentary, "The artist was already harassed at great length at Pennsic by the rest of us for the (probably) excessive number of billets."

61: Muirgheal inghean Dhubhghaill - New Name 

Submitted as Muirgheal inghen Dubhghaill, the name was changed at kingdom to correct the spelling of the relational particle and for lenition of the patronym following post-1200 practice. The name, as originally submitted, mixes characteristics of pre- and post-1200 forms. Since the given name, as submitted, is post-1200, the byname was changed to be fully post-1200.

Muirgheal - OCM, p. 141, s.n. Muirgel:Muirgheal, Muiríol, give the meaning of the name as "sea-bright, sea-white" and mention three historical women of the name: Muirgel (died 854), the wife of the king of Leinster; Muirgel (died 928), daughter of high-king Máel Sechnaill I; and, Muirgel, wife of Leinster king, Cellach Cualann. Note that the submitted spelling is the post-1200/modern form.

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Muirgel" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Feminine/Muirgel.shtml] gives Muirgel as the normalized Middle Irish Gaelic (c900-c1200) form and counts four individuals of the name in the years 852, 854, 882, 923, 926 and 928, with the submitted spelling found in 852 and 926.

inghean - Sharon L. Krossa, "Quick and Easy Gaelic Names" under "Simple Patronymic Byname" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotnames/quickgaelicbynames/#simplepatronymicbyname] states:

The standard way to form a name using a simple patronymic byname for for women is: <single given name> inghean <father's given name (in genitive case & always lenited unless starting with D, T, L, N, R, or a vowel)> which means <given name> daughter <of father's given name>

Dhubhghaill - OCM, p. 79, s.n. Dubgall:Dubhghall, gives the meaning as "dark stranger" and state that it was "one of the Irish names for the Vikings."

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Dubgall / Dubhghall" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Dubgall.shtml] gives Dubgaill as the normalized Middle Irish Gaelic (c900-c1200) genitive form and Dubhghaill as the Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c1200-c1700) genitive form and counts two individuals of the name in the years 980 and 1268.

Sharon L. Krossa, "The Spelling of Lenited Consonants in Gaelic" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotlang/lenition.shtml] gives the pre-1200 lenited form of d as d (unchanged), and the post-1200 lenited form as dh or d. (the period here representing a punctum delens - a dot over the letter).

62: Olafr the mercenary - New Name  & New Device 

Per pale argent and gules, in dexter a cross formy fitchy at the foot sable.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No major changes.
Sound most important.

Olafr - Geirr Bassi, p. 13, counts 20 occurrences of Óláfr in the Landnámabók.

Geirr Bassi, p. 17, gives the genitive case of names ending with -x are formed by changing the ending -x to -y. The patronymic suffix -son or -dóttir is then added to the genitive case stem.

Precedent states: "While Old Norse names may be registered with or without accents, other diacritical marks cannot be omitted without documentation." [Disa blat{o,}nn, 08/2003 LoAR, A-Caid]

the mercenary - Lingua Anglica for heiðmenningr. Geirr Bassi, p. 22, counts 1 occurrences of heiðmenningr in the Landnámabók and gives the meaning of this descriptive byname as "mercenary".

Fox-Davies, The Complete Guide to Heraldry, pp. 130-131, illustrates both a "cross patée fitched" and a "cross patée fitched at the foot" and states, "Whenever a cross or cross crosslet has the bottom arm elongated and pointed it is said to be 'fitched' (Figs. 180 amd 181), but when a point is added at the foot, e.g. of a cross patée, it is then termed 'fitchée at the foot' (Fig. 182)."

Myfanwy ferch Rhiannon, in kingdom commentary, states that "Friar [p. 173, fig. 10] shows a similar type of cross and calls it "a cross formy fitchy at the foot" (as differentiated from "a cross formy fitchy" which is shown on the same page [fig. 19])." The reference is to Friar, Stephen, and John Ferguson. Basic Heraldry. Bramley Books. Quadrillion Publishing Ltd., 1993).

The LoAR of September 2007, s.n. Martyn de Haliwell, states in part:

...We note that a cross formy fitchy at the foot is a period form of cross, though probably not with that exact blazon: see for example the Armorial de Gelre, fo. 62v, and the banner of Aragon...

63: Olrik von Wolfstein - New Name  & New Device 

Sable, a lion's head erased between three triquestras and a cross of Santiago at the foot argent.

No major changes.
Meaning (Olrik from the castle Wolfstein) most important.

Olrik - Bahlow/Gentry, p. p. 353, s.n. Ohl, gives:

sente [saint] Odelrik (Olrick) 1318.

Brechenmacher, p. 348, s.n. Olrik, describes the name as Low German and Middle German from Ulrich and dates Hanß Olrikkeß (presumably a patronymic form) to 1497.

von - German preposition meaning "of" or "from"

Wolfstein - According to Wikipedia, s.v. Wolfstein (principality) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfstein_(principality)], Wolfstein was a minor principality in the Holy Roman Empire centered on Wolfstein castle near Neumarkt in the Oberpfalz [Upper Palatine].

Brechenmacher, vol. II, p. 831, s.n. Wolfsteiner, gives the origin of this locative byname as multiple places named Wolfstein and dates Egid der W[olfsteiner] as an Austrian under-marshal in 1405.

The cross was submitted under the blazon "cross flory fitched at the foot" and reblazoned at kingdom as a "cross of Santiago". We note the possibly problematic treatment of the cross. While the cross submitted here is clearly not a cross "flory fitchy" due to the pointed side flaring on the lower arm, it is neither "fitched at the foot" at discussed in the LoAR of September 2007 (see below). We suspect that it may be a form of cross of Santiago.

While the cross of Santiago shown in the Pic-Dic (Fig. 214) greatly exaggerates the "fleurs" of the side arms, the uppermost "fleur" is as one would expect on a typical cross flory. A Google image search on "Cross of Santiago" and "Cross of Saint/St James" yields numerous crosses comprised of various combinations of upper arm treatment, side arm treatment and type of fitching. In some images, the upper "fleur" appears more like playing card "spade" pip, or Seeblatt. In others, the upper arm is as shown in the Pic-Dic (as one would expect on a typical cross flory). The side arms are shown with "fleurs" that are variously like: (1) a typical cross flory; (2) the Pic-Dic Cross of Santiago; and, (3) like a playing card "spade" pip or Seeblatt. The lower arm almost always appears as on the Pic-Dic cross of Santiago, which is the same as on the cross submitted here. Only a very few have a simple straight-edged fitchy lower arm. In fact, it is the characteristic lower arm, along with some variation of fleur-like treatment of the arms, that seems to define the cross of Santiago. If so, then the cross submitted here should be registerable as a form of cross of Santiago.

Lacking resources that might show period depictions (and variations) of the Cross of Santiago, we ask the College and Wreath to research this matter further and to consider whether the cross submitted here is a form of Cross of Santiago. Further, we ask Wreath to offer guidance as to what variations to the Pic-Dic cross of Santiago (Fig. 214) are registerable under the blazon "cross of Santiago". Relevent rulings are listed here:

LoAR of December 1985:

Ian of Beinn Dhubh (submitted as Ian of Ben Dubh). Name and device. Argent, a dragon gules and a winged unicorn sable combattant, in chief a cross fleury fitchy at the foot and a base rayonny azure.

NOTE: According to Brigantia, the correct Gaelic for "black mountain" is Beinn Dhubh. We have amended the spelling of the name accordingly.

DISCUSSION: The charge in chief was submitted as a cross of St. Iago, with no origin given for the designation. The drawing matches the "cross of St. James" (#689) shown on page 116 of Ernst Lehner's Symbols, Signs and Signets. The given name James is related to Jacob, the Welsh equivalent of which is Iago, so I suppose the appellation is legitimate (Withycombe 169­171), but this illustrates the problem with using obscure names for charges (particularly types of crosses). We have reblazoned the charge in question as a cross "fleury fitchy at the foot."

LoAR of November 2007:

Ian of Beinn Dhubh. Reblazon of device. Argent, a dragon gules and a winged unicorn sable combatant, in chief a cross of Santiago, a base rayonny azure.

Registered in December 1985 with the blazon Argent, a dragon gules and a winged unicorn sable combattant, in chief a cross fleury fitchy at the foot and a base rayonny azure, that blazon did not accurately describe the charge in chief.

LoAR of September 2007:

Martyn de Haliwell. Device. Per pale argent and azure, a hedgehog statant between three crosses "clechy fitchy" counterchanged.

This device is returned for a redraw of the crosses. Blazoned on the LoI as Latin crosses clechy, they are not: a Latin cross clechy would be elongated to base, with the clechy motif then applied to all four limb-ends. The crosses in this submission are crosses clechy with the bottom limb stretched into a long point; the base-most limb is not clechy. A cross clechy fitchy at the foot, based on Parker's example of the cross formy fitchy at the foot, would be a cross clechy; with a spike issuant from the center third of the base-most limb. We note that a cross formy fitchy at the foot is a period form of cross, though probably not with that exact blazon: see for example the Armorial de Gelre, fo. 62v, and the banner of Aragon. The crosses in this submission are not really blazonable, which is reason for return. In addition, without documentation for the form of the cross in this submission, it must be returned.

Note that the bottom limb in Martyn's submitted cross looks like that of a cross of Santiago and that of the cross submitted here by Olrik. The Eastern LoI of May 21, 2007 on which it was submitted may be viewed at http://oscar.sca.org/index.php?action=100&loi=186.

64: Pavel Dudoladov - New Device 

OSCAR finds the name registered exactly as it appears in March of 2008, via Æthelmearc.

Per pale gules and vert, three trumpets bells to base argent.

The submitter's name was registered in March 2008 (via AEthelmearc).

65: Qara Erdene - New Name  & New Device 

Argent, on a fess bretessed purpure a polar bear statant argent.

Submitter desires a feminine name.
No major changes.
Language (Mongolian) most important.
Culture (Mongolian) most important.
Meaning (black jewel) most important.

Baras-aghur Naran, "On the Documentation and Construction of Period Mongolian Names" [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/mongol.html] describes three major patterns of name construction in Mongolian: (1) a single name, usually a noun or adjective; (2) a single name with a modifying ending giving added meaning; and, (3) two names, each of which could stand alone, and which do not contradict each other. The article lists several categories of names, including numbers, colors and "common name elements" (mostly nouns and adjectives).

Qara - Baras-aghur Naran, "On the Documentation and Construction of Period Mongolian Names" [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/mongol.html] lists this with the meaning "black"

Erdene - Baras-aghur Naran, "On the Documentation and Construction of Period Mongolian Names" [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/mongol.html] lists this with the meaning "jewel"

The articles states:

As mentioned before, the Mongols did not use surnames. Therefore for purposes of submission, refer to the Compleat Anachronist #54, wherein is stated that the second element of most Mongol names is an epitet relating to the first name or personal characteristics, or clan identification. Good reference articles for submission and for checking submissions are "Naming Patterns Among the Mongols" by Larry Moses, and "Mongol Naming Practices" by Marta as tu Mika-Mysliwy. Of the primary sources listed above, The Secret History of the Mongols and The World History by Rashid-al-Din are the best to have on hand.

66: Rachel Dalicieux - New Name  & New Device 

Per pale purpure and sable, two cats sejant respectant and in chief three eighth notes argent.

Submitter desires a feminine name.
No major changes.
Sound most important.

Rachel - This is the submitter's legal given name. A photocopy of a Pennsylvania valid driver's license was provided.

Cateline de la Mor (Triste Elliot), "Sixteenth Century Norman Names" [http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/cateline/norman16.html] lists Rachel among the feminine given names taken from Jonathan Dewald, The Formation of a Provincial Nobility: The Magistrates of the Parlement of Rouen, 1499-1610 (Princeton University Press, 1980).

Dalicieux - Morlet, Dictionnaire etymologiques des noms de famille, p. 268, s.n. Dalicieux, notes "var. de délicieux, sobriquet, a désigne en anc. fr. celui vit dans le délices." The translation provided by the submitter reads, "nickname in ancient French that designates someone who lives for pleasure (or delight)." The Garnet library does not have this Appendix H (no-photocopy) source. Can someone confirm the citation?

Morlet, Dictionnaire des noms de famille et prenoms de France, p. 170, s.n. Dalicieux, states: <<délicieux>>: sobriquet sans doubt ironique. Roughly translated: "delicious": nickname undoubtedly ironic."

Dalicieux is the registered byname of her real-world husband. A letter of permission to conflict, while not required in this case, is provided.

The LoAR of December 2004 states in part:

The musical note drawn here is an ovoid with a vertical stem rising from the sinister end. While this is a typical SCA form as described in the Pictorial Dictionary, further research has not been able to show this form of musical note as a period musical note. It continues to be registerable, but submitters should be advised that the standard form of such a note would have been a lozenge with a stem rising from its top point.

The depiction of the eighth notes is roughly consistent with the form of the mensural white notation fusa as shown in the Wikipedia article "Mensural Notation" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mensural_notation].

67: Rober de Saint-Venant - New Name  & New Device 

Argent, on a fess cotised vert a horse courant argent.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No changes.

Rober - Colm Dubh, "An Index to the Given Names in the 1292 Census of Paris" [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/paris.html] lists Rober Bergier.

de Saint-Venant - Society for Creative Anachronism, Proceedings of the Known World Heralds and Scribes Symposium, 2007, "Personal names from 'l'armorial des rois de l'Épinette'" has Jehan de Saint-Venant dated to 1423.

Birago Diop, Macmoires de La Societe D'Atudes de La Province de Cambrai, Tome IX (BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2008) ISBN 0554992027, 9780554992020 viewed on Google Books [http://books.google.com/books?id=ji_SzxOPbAkC], p. 636, gives a transcription of in inscription of a marble plaque found "to the right of the grand hotel", presumably in Marquette-Lez-Lille, according to the header on the odd-numbered pages. The entry, number VI, reads as follows:

1324. -- A droite du grand autel ; marbre plat ; homme et femme. --

Écussons : Saint-Venant, 94; Le Prévost, 698.

Chy gist mons. Jehan de SAINT-VENANT, sire de Cimon et d'Armentières en partie, qui trespassa l'an de gr{a..}ce 1323, le 14e jour de mars. Priés pour s'ame.

68: Rober de Saint-Venant - New Badge 

OSCAR finds the name on the Æthelmearc LoI of November 30, 2008 as submitted.

Argent, a horse courant vert.

The submitter's name is submitted above.

69: Rodrigo de Vega - New Name  & New Device 

Argent, semy-de-lys sable, a pile sable and overall a chevron counterchanged Or and sable.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
Language (Spanish) most important.
Culture (Spanish) most important.

Elsbeth Anne Roth, "16th Century Spanish Names" [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/spanish/index.html] discusses naming patterns and states that almost half of the names in the article's data set follow the construction pattern <given name> de <locative>.

Note that the submitter's legal name is Dale Vega.

Rodrigo - Elsbeth Anne Roth, "16th Century Spanish Names: Masculine Given Names Alphabetically" [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/spanish/male-given-alpha.html], s.n. Rodrigo, gives:

• Rodrigo de Sevilla (1539, III.25)
• Rodrigo de Cantos (1560, IV.94)
• Rodrigo Merchan (1571, V.3022)
• Rodrigo Riberos (1574, V.3362)
• Rodrigo Hernandez (1574, V.3650)

de Vega - Juliana de Luna, "Spanish Names from the Late 15th Century", under "Names from the Account Books of Isabel la Catolica (1477-1504, mostly 1483-1504): Locative Surnames" [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/isabella/locative.html] lists de Vega.

70: Rose Moone - New Name 

Submitter desires a feminine name.
No major changes.
Sound (moon) most important.

Rose - Withycombe, p. 258, s.n. Rose, dates the submitted spelling to 1316.

Moone - Reany and Wilson, p. 313, s.n. Moon/Moone/Munn gives:

• William de Moion, de Moiun, de Moine, de Mouin, 1086
• Reginald de Moyn, de Moyun, de Moun, de Mohun, 1239-53
• Robert Mone, 1260
• Thomas le Mun, 1275
• Geoffrey le Moun, 1279

The last three derive from moun, mun "monk"

Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Names found in Minchinhampton, Glouchestershire Marriage Registers 1566-1600" dates Moone as a surname to 1573.

71: Sabine la courratierre de chevaux - New Name  & New Device 

Argent chapé sable, a sea horse vert.

Submitter desires a feminine name.
No major changes.
Sound most important.

Sabine - Morlet, [work not specified], p. 871, s.n. Sabin, says, "the feminine 'Sabine' is a personal and matronymic. The popular form Savine derives from Ste Sabina, martyr from the IIIrd century."

Reany and Wilson, p. 406, s.n. Shine, dates Sabine Schyne to 1279.

la courratierre de chevaux- Colm Dubh, "Occupational By-Names in the 1292 Tax Role of Paris" [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/parisbynames.html] counts three occurrences of courratier de chevaux and gives the meaning as "horse broker". The occupational term is here feminized by changing the ending -ier to iere follwing the pattern of the follwing pairs found in the article:

• aguillier / aguilliere (needle maker)
• aloier / aloiere (manager)
• archier / archiere (bow & arrow maker)
• avenier / aveniere (oat merchant)

and many others.

72: Sarjun al-Rashid - New Name  & New Device 

Per pale argent and gules, a dumbek and a hand counterchanged and on a chief triangular azure an anvil argent.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No major changes.
Language (Arabic) most important.
Culture (Arabic) most important.

Sarjun - Bayard Dodge, The fihrist of al-Nadim: A Tenth-century Survey of Muslim Culture (New York: Columbia University Press, 1970), vol. II, p. 1094, in the biographical index lists Sarjun (Sergius) ibn Mansur al-Rumi as "a secretary who kept the government records in Greek during the reign of Mu'awiyah (caliph 661-680). Among the sources listed is Tabari, Annales.

A Shi'ite Encyclopedia [URL: http://www.al-islam.org/encyclopedia], chapter 5.b [http://www.al-islam.org/encyclopedia/chapter5b/] includes an historical account taken from the writings of al-Tabari, found in the article "Tragedy of Karbala as reported by the Sunnis (Part II)" [begins http://www.al-islam.org/encyclopedia/chapter5b/6.html]. The introduction states:

In this series we provide the history of the events of Karbala as recorded by the Sunnis. Although dampened, and sometimes inaccurate on the favor of the tyrants, such Sunni documents are the lasting testimony for the undeniable horrible massacre of the household of the Prophet (PBUH&HF) [sic]. The information, unless otherwise specified, are from the History of al-Tabari.

Among books of historical character, an authentic and very comprehensive book is that of the Imam al Tabari, known was Tarikh Kabir. Al Tabari is a writer whose scholarly attainments and whose sure and extensive knowledge are unanimiuosly recognised by the traditionists. His commentary by far is the best of the commentaries. The well known traditionist, Ibn Khuzaima, says that he knew no man learned than al Tabari. Al Tabari died in the year 310 A.H - 921 C.E.

The account itself includes the following text [http://www.al-islam.org/encyclopedia/chapter5b/7.html]:

When the letters reached Yazid, he summoned Sarjun, a retainer

(mawla) of Muawiya and asked (him): "What is your view (of the fact) that Husayn has sent Muslim b. Aqil to Kufa to receive pledges of homage on his behalf?...

Sarjun produced a (letter of) appointment for 'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad (as governor) of Kufa, and said: "This is the advice of Mu'awiya, which he ordered before he died. So join the two cities of Basra and Kufa (under the authority) of Ubayd Allah."

al-Rashid - Da'ud ibn Auda, "Period Arabic Names and Naming Practices" [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/arabic-naming2.htm] lists al-Rashid among the masculine cognomens, and in the introductory material, gives it as an example of a laqab:

A laqab (pronounced LAH-kahb), a combination of words into a byname or epithet, usually religious, relating to nature, a descriptive, or of some admirable quality the person had (or would like to have); e.g., al-Rashid [the Rightly-guided], al-Fadl [the Prominent]. Laqabs follow the ism: Harun al-Rashid [Aaron the Rightly-guided].

We note that the device is nearly slot-machine, but the shallowness of the triangular chief seems to be a conscious attempt to avoid the appearance of a "per pall" field.

73: Sarjun al-Rashid - New Badge 

OSCAR finds the name on the Æthelmearc LoI of November 30, 2008 as submitted.

Per bend azure and gules, a bend between an arm fesswise embowed and an anvil argent.

The submitter's name and device submission appears above.

74: Séamus Rogan - New Name  & New Device 

Or, a dragon-headed bow sable.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
Sound most important.

Séamus - OCM, p. 163, s.n. Séamus:Séamas, states that the name is a borrowing through English and French of the Latin Jacobus and that the name was common among the Anglo-Norman settlers in Ireland and was adopted by the native Irish.

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Séamus" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Seamus.shtml] gives Séamus as the normalized Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c1200-c1700) nominative form and counts 14 individuals of the name in the years 1398-1608.

Rogan - LacLysaght, p. 259, s.n. (o) Rogan, gives the Gaelic as Ó Ruadhagáin.

Woulf, p. 635, gives O Rogane. The submitter strongly prefers the form without the final e.

A letter of permission to conflict between Isabel la Roja, Or, a dragon-headed bow vert, and Seamus Rogan, Or, a dragon-headed bow sable, is provided, signed by Isabel la roja (under her legal name).

75: Seanait inghean Nessan - New Name 

Submitter desires a feminine name.
Client requests authenticity for Irish Gaelic.
Language (Irish Gaelic) most important.
Culture (Irish Gaelic) most important.

Seanait - OCM, p. 164, s.n. Ségnat:Séaghnait, Séanait, gives this as the female form of Ségán and mention the saint, as well as an abbess of the name. The submitted spelling is the post-1200/modern form.

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Ségán" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Segan.shtml] does not give any normalized form, but gives the following documented spellings from the raw data:

• 663, Segain moccu Chuind, abb Benncoir [Note: name is in genitive case due to sentence structure.]
• 663, Segaín maic hui Chuind, abbad Bennchair [Note: name is in genitive case due to sentence structure.]
• 663, Segain machui Cuinn abbatis Bennchuir
• 662, Segan mac h-uí Cuinn, abb Bendchair

No feminine form is found in the annals.

inghean - Sharon L. Krossa, "Quick and Easy Gaelic Names" under "Simple Patronymic Byname" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotnames/quickgaelicbynames/#simplepatronymicbyname] states:

The standard way to form a name using a simple patronymic byname for for women is: <single given name> inghean <father's given name (in genitive case & always lenited unless starting with D, T, L, N, R, or a vowel)> which means <given name> daughter <of father's given name>

Nessan - OCM, p. 145, s.n. Nessán:Neasán, mention five saints of the name.

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Nessán" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Nessan.shtml] does not give any normalized form, but gives the following documented spellings from the raw data:

• 555, Neasan
• 557, Nessan
• 551, S. Neasan Lobhar

We note that the submitter has requested authenticity. We suspect that both the given name and relational particle need to be made contemporary with the early patronym and suggest Ségnat ingen Nessan. Since this is a change in response to a request for authenticity, rather than purely a registerability issue, we defer to Wreath on the matter in order to avail the submitter of the greater resources of the entire college.

76: Sion the Lost - New Name  & New Device 

Per pale azure and vert, a bend sinister between a compass rose and a candle argent.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No major changes.

The submitter cares most about spelling.

Sion - Gruffudd, Welsh Names for Children, p. 85, gives Sion Cent dated 1367?-1430?, as a form of loan name from the English John.

Morgan

Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn, "A Welsh Miscellany", p. 31, lists <Sion> as a Welsh masculine given name.

Morgan and Morgan, pp. 130-38, s.n. Ieuan, state:

... the standard form of the med period was Siôn.... In the early modern period a change took place ... Welsh developed the sound of English sh. Therefore the borrowed 'John' went through these stages, becoming Siôn (normal s with just a touch of i sound), then becoming Shôn.

the Lost - Note the following precedents:

The English byname the Lost has been ruled SCA compatible. Use of an element which is only SCA compatible is a weirdness. [Ælfric the Lost, 02/02, R-An Tir]

... we are reluctantly making the byname the Lost SCA compatible. [Jordan the Lost, 07/01, A-Calontir]

Note: The combination of English and Welsh was ruled to be without "weirdness", Cover Letter, 08/99

77: Tafrara N Doukkala - New Name  & New Device 

Per chevron argent and sable, a demi-sun issuant from the line of division gules and a hare salient contourny argent, in base a crescent Or.

Submitter desires a feminine name.
Language (Amazigh; NOT Islamic) most important.
Culture (Amazigh; NOT Islamic) most important.

Tafrara - Djaafar Messaoudi, "A short list of Amazigh persons' proper names" [http://www.kabylia.info/observer/spip.php?article=68] lists the submitted spelling as an Amazigh female given name.

Wikipedia, s.v. Berber people [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber_people] states in part:

Berbers are the indigenous peoles of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. They are discontinuously distributed from the Atlantic to the Siwa oasis, in Egypt, and from the Mediterranean to the Niger River. They speak various Berber languages, which together form a branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family. Between fourteen and twenty-five million Berber speakers live within this region, most densely in Algeria and Morocco and becoming generally scarcer eastward through the rest of the Maghreb and beyond.

Many Berbers call themselves some variant of the word Imazighen (singular Amazigh), meaning "free men".[2][3] This is common in Morocco, but elsewhere within the Berber homeland a local, more particular term, such as Kabyle or Chaoui, is more often used instead.

N- no explanation of this name element was provided.

Myfanwy ferch Rhiannon found a French language website [http://www.mondeberbere.com/toutecult-index-en.htm] advertising a concert celbrating the "Berber Spring" and gives the Berber translation of the French Printemps berbère as Tafsut n imazighen. Assuming that Tafsut means "spring", the phrase suggests that the Berber n is some type of particle/preposition meaning "of". We suspect, however, that it should not be capitalized. We respectfully request further research from the more experienced linguists in the college.

Doukkala - Anya Weghlis, "Amazigh Toponymy" [http://mondeberbere.yuku.com/topic/410], s.v. Doukkala, gives this as the name of a great plain on the Atlantic coast of Morocco situated between the towns of Azemmour and Asafi. It is also the name of the confederation inhabiting the region. Doukkala is composed of two Amazigh words "ddaw" (under) and "akal" (soil, land), hence the meaning "lowland" or "plain."

78: Uaithne mac Faelain - New Name  & New Device 

Per bend sinister vert and gules, a mullet of sixteen points counterchanged Or and argent.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No major changes.
Language (Irish) most important.
Culture (Irish) most important.

Uaithne - OCM, p. 174, s.n. Uaithne, describes this as both a feminine and masculine given name, possibly derived from uainide "greenish", but in the later middle ages, more probably taken from the tribal name Uaithne. The entry mentions several historical persons of the name, including Uaithne (or Uainide) mac Donnubáin (died 982), and other undated royals.

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Uaithne" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Uaithne.shtml] gives Uaithne as the normalized Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c1200-c1700) nominative form and counts two individuals of the name in the years 1466 and 1510.

mac - Sharon L. Krossa, "Quick and Easy Gaelic Names" under "Simple Patronymic Byname" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotnames/quickgaelicbynames/#simplepatronymicbyname] states:

The standard way to form a name using a simple patronymic byname for men is: <single given name> mac <father's given name (in genitive case & sometimes lenited)> which means <given name> son <of father's given name>

Faelain- Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Fáelán/Faolán" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Faelan.shtml] gives Fáeláin as the normalized Old Irish Gaelic (c700-c900) and Middle Irish Gaelic (c900-c1200) genitive form and counts 19 individuals of the name in the years 628, 633, 658, 660, 665, 666, 676, 678, 711, 733, 735, 738, 781, 785, 786, 799, 804, 891, 923, 940, 942, 951, 958, 964, 979, 980, 1010, 1033, 1041, 1042, 1051, 1063, 1069, 1128, 1161, 1203 and 1423. The submitted spelling does not appear in the later raw data.

We note the LoAR of July 2005 which states:

Mieczyslaw Tomeknowicz. Reblazon of device. Azure, a leopard sejant erect affronty, forelegs displayed, in base a mullet of sixteen points pierced, all within a bordure engrailed argent.

Originally blazoned as Azure, a leopard sejant erect affronty, forelegs displayed, in base a spur rowel, all within a bordure engrailed argent, a spur rowel is a mullet of five or six points pierced. We know of no period examples of spur rowels in heraldry with so many points. We've corrected the blazon accordingly.

79: Uhtred aet Pyttasburh - New Name  & New Device 

Per bend sinister Or and vert, a yew tree and a stag rampant to sinister counterchanged.

The submission form has what appears to be a scribbled out "x" in the box for no major changes. I am assuming that major changes are allowed. I will contact the submitter for clarification.

Uhtred - Withycombe, p. 283-284, s.n. Uchtred, Ughtred, dates the submitted spelling to 1161.

aet - Anglo-Saxon preposition meaning "at"

"Old English Made Easy: Dictionaries" [http://home.comcast.net/~modean52/oeme_dictionaries.htm], s.v. æt, gives the following entry:

æt [] 1. prep w.d., rarely a. (local) at, near, by, in, on, upon, with, before, next to, against, as far as, up to, into, toward; (temporal) at, at the time of, near, in, on, to, until; (causal) at, to, through; (source) of, from...; (instrumental) by; (the names of places are often put in the dative plural governed by æt, the preposition is then, as in Icelandic, not translated, and the noun is read as singular) þe man h?t æt H?ðum that one calls Haddeby;...

Note that the entry says that the dative plural is "often" used, rather than "always" used.

Pyttasburh - A constructed Anglo-Saxon / Old English place-name

Pyttas- - Eckwall, p. 368, s.n. Pitney, gives the meaning of the header as "Pytta's island", explains that Pytta is a "side-form" of Putta, and dates the following forms:

• Petenie, Domesday Book
• Puttenaya, 1225
• Petteney, 1230

Ibid., s.n. Pitton, states that the earliest form suggests "Pytta's TUN" and gives the follwing forms:

• Putenton, 1167
• Petton, 1194
• Putton, 1198

-burh - A. H. Smith, English Place-name Elements (Cambridge University Press, 1956), p. 58, s.v. burh, burg states that as a final element in modern placenames, the endings -brough, -borough and -burgh derive from the nominative singular Old English burh or burg, whereas modern placenames ending in -bury arise from the OE dative singular byrig. He gives the meaning as "fortification, fortified place." He further states (p. 60-61) that -burh is "extremely common" as a final element and lists the more common types of first elements with which it is combined, including "words denoting people," giving examples of personal names such as Aylesbury, Carlbury, Didsbury, Eddisbury, Masborough, Mangersbury, Bamburgh and several others. In the header, the dative plural is gaven as burgum.

We note that the shape of the tree does not match the silhouettes of yew tree images gleaned from a Google image search on "yew tree". We request suggestions of the college on whether a type of tree need be blazoned here.

80: Wilhelm von der Schwarzstrom - New Name 

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No holding name.
Meaning (of Black River (or) of the Black River) most important.

Wilhelm - Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "German Names from Nürnberg, 1497" [http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/german/nurnberg1497.html] counts 13 occurrences of the submitted spelling in Nürnberg and 12 occurences in surrounding cities.

von - German preposition meaing "of" or "from"

Schwarzstrom - The submitter offers this as a constructed by name and offers documentation for the prototheme as follows:

Brian M. Scott, "Some Early Middle High German Bynames with Emphasis on Names from the Bavarian Dialect Area" [http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/talan/Early_German_Bynames.html] lists the header"SWARZ: `black, dark-colored', Lat niger `black'; NHG schwarz" and gives the following dated examples:

• Cu[o]nradus miles dictus Swarze 1225
• Perhtold Swarze 1200 (SCHWARZ)

Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "German Names from Nürnberg, 1497: Surnames N - Z" [http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/german/surnamesnurnn-z.html] lists the following surnames:

• Schwarcz
• Schwarczkopff
• Schwartz
• Schwartzferwer
• Schwercznloer
• Swartz
• Swartzferwer

Strom - The submitter simply states that strom is the German word for river.

Robin Sawers, Harrap's Concise German and English Dictionary (London: Harrap, Ltd., 1985) p. 339, s.v. river, gives this entry:

s. [substantiv (= noun)] Fluß m[masculine]; r. port, Flußhafen m; down/up (the) r., flußabwärts/stromaufwärts; r. bank, Flußufer n. ...

Ibid., p. 489, s.v. Strom, gives the English meaning of Strom firstly as "(large) river" and secondly as "stream" or "current."

Ibid, p. 180, s.v. Fluß, gives the English meaning firstly as "river" as secondly as "flow" or "flux."