1: Brada Boda Æthelward - New Name & New Device
Or, on a fir tree proper atop a mount vert a lantern Or.
Submitter desires a masculine name.
No changes.
The submitter specifically allows exception to the "no major changes" check box in order to create a marked patronym and correct grammar.
Brada - The Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England (PASE) [http://www.pase.ac.uk/] counts three individuals with this given name, including a priest at Clofesho who bore witness to charters in 824 and 825.
The submission form references Searle, Onomasticon Anglo-Saxonicum, p. 113, as listing a Brada c. 1050? [sic]. I do not have this source and no copy was provided. (It is on the no-photocopy list.)
Boda - John R. Clark Hall, A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, Second Edition [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~kurisuto/germanic/oe_clarkhall_about.html] s.v. boda, gives the meaning of this masculine Anglo-Saxon noun as "messenger, herald, apostle, angel".
The Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England (PASE) [http://www.pase.ac.uk/] counts one individual with this name as a slave freed via a will between 990-1001. It seems possible that the will may have refered to this individual using an epithet or description of his position/occupation in the household.
Reany and Wilson, p. 51, s.n. Bode, give the origin of the header as Old English boda with the meaning " herald, messenger" and they date Boda to 1066, 1086 (DB) and Bode to 1066. The entry further lists: Hugo filius Bode, 12th c.; Walter Bode, 1220 and Robert Bode, 1221. Notably, they date William le Bode to 1296, which would seem to support its origin as an occupational byname. Reaney and Wilson state that the name was "[a]lso used as a personal name, which would account for the dated patronymic form using filius.
Æthelward - The Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England (PASE) [http://www.pase.ac.uk/] counts 50 individuals under the header name Æthelweard including a priest ("Æthelweard 4") who witnessed charters in 863 and 867 using the spellings Eðelweard and Æðelward respectively. "Æthelweard 5" is the fifth-born surviving child of Alfred the Great and his name is recorded 26 times under various spellings. Based on these variants, the submitted spelling seems quite plausible:
- AEÐELWERDUS (1)
- Aeðelweard (1)
- Aeþelwaerd (1)
- Aeþelweard (1)
- Aðelweard (1)
- Ethelward (1)
- Ethelwardus (1)
- Eþelweard (1)
- Æthelweard (1)
- Æðelweard (8)
- Æðelwerd (1)
- Æþelweard (7)
- Æþelwerd (1)
Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, Period Name Construction v. 2.1 gives examples of Anglo-Saxon byname construction. Under Occupational byname, the first construction is <Old English given name><Old English occupation> and cites Tengvik, Old English Bynames (Uppsala: Almqvist & Wiksells Boktryckeri-A.-B., 1938), p. 269 as dating Ecceard Smið ("smith") to c. 975.
Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, Period Name Construction v. 2.1 gives examples of Anglo-Saxon byname construction. Under Patronymic byname, the first construction is <Old English given name><Old English father's given name> and cites Tengvik, Old English Bynames (Uppsala: Almqvist & Wiksells Boktryckeri-A.-B., 1938), p. 225 as dating Osgot Sveyn to c. 1045.
The name as submitted appears to use the construction <Given Name> <Occupation> <Unmarked Patronym>. I find no documentation in my limited resources for the combination of both an occupational byname and a patronim in the same name, and I ask the college for assistance in assessing its plausibility.
Note that the submitter does specifically allow major chages for the correction of grammar, including the formation of a marked patronym.
2: Chernislava Alekseeva - New Name & New Device
Vert, a winged enfield rampant maintaining a rapier Or, a chief erminois.
Submitter desires a feminine name.
No major changes.
Language most important.
Culture most important.
Chernislava - Paul Wickenden of Thanet, 3rd ed., p. 52, s.n. Chernislava gives the meaning of this feminine name as "black praise" and dates the spelling Ciernislava to 1150. Other entries on the same page of names with the root chernen/Chern, meaning "black", date the ch- spelling as follows:
- s.n. Chernak: Chernakov, 1503
- s.n. Chernava: Chernavka, 1541
- s.n. Chernen: Chernen, 1214; Chernjn, 1214
- and others.
Alekseeva - Paul Wickenden of Thanet, 3rd ed., p. 4-5, s.n. Aleksei, under Patronyms, dates Orina Alekseeva, Muscovite, to 1470.
3: Ciar ingen uí Chrotaig - New Name
Submitter desires a feminine name.
Language most important.
Culture most important.
Ciar - OCM, p. 51, gives the meaning of this feminine name as "dark, black" and gives "the most important bearer of this name" as Saint Ciar, virgin patroness of Killkeary.
Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Ciar" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Feminine/Ciar.shtml] gives no normalized spellings and counts only one person of the name recorded in the years 679 & 681. The submitted spelling occurs in two of the five entries. The spelling Cíar occurs in two of the other entries.
ingen uí - Sharon L. Krossa, "Quick and Easy Gaelic Names", under Clan Affiliation Bynames [http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotnames/quickgaelicbynames/#clanaffiliationbyname] states:
The standard way to form a name using an Irish clan affiliation byname for women is: <single given name> inghean Uí <eponymous clan ancestor's name (in genitive case & always lenited unless starting with a vowel)> which means <given name> daughter of a male descendant <of eponymous clan ancestor>The cited spelling represents the post-1200 form.
For the pre-1200 form, Sharon L. Krossa, "A Simple Guide to Constructing 12th Century Scottish Gaelic Names" [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/simplescotgaelicnames12.htm] examines six Gaelic "notes" that were written into various blank spaces of the Book of Deer (a 9th century illuminated manuscript) circa 1130 to 1150 AD. The Gaelic used in the notes is "Middle Gaelic", also called "Middle Irish", which was the form of Gaelic common to Ireland and parts of Scotland from, roughly, 900 to 1200 A.D. Under "Name & Byname Structures," Krossa states:
Each woman's name & byname -- indicating who her father is -- is set up as follows: <given name in nominative case> ingen <father's given name in genitive case & lenited>..."Ingen" means "daughter", and was pronounced in Middle Gaelic as, roughly, EEN-yen.This article does not discuss pre-1200 clan affiliation bynames for women.
Academy of Saint Gabriel report 938 [http://www.s-gabriel.org/938], in reply to client desiring a 6th-century Irish name, states in part:
...That phrase, <ingen ui/>, means "daughter of the [male] descendent", and was used as the feminine equivalent of <O/>. That is to say, the daughter of a man surnamed <O/ Briain> was herself called <ingen ui/ Briain>. However, this kind of personal name did not come into use until the 10th century, so it would not be appropriate for your persona [2]The footnote references Royal Irish Academy, _Dictionary of the Irish Language: based mainly on Old and Middle Irish materials_ (Dublin : Royal Irish Academy, 1983).
Chrotaig - Woulfe, p. 485, s.n. Ó Crotaig, dates the name to the 16th century.
Mari Elspeth nic Bryan "16th & 17th Century Anglicized Irish Surnames from Woulfe" [http://medievalscotland.org/kmo/Woulfe/SortedByGaelicSpelling.shtml] clarifies that many headers in Woulfe include a character with a punctum delens. She translates the header under discussion as Ó Crotaig. and gives an alternate transliteration of Ó Crotaigh which uses an h instead of the punctum delens. She gives the Anglicization as O Crotty.
Sharon L. Krossa, "The Spelling of Lenited Consonants in Gaelic" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotlang/lenition.shtml] gives the pre-1200 lenited form of g as g [unmarked], whereas the post-1200 form is g. or gh.
MacLysaght, p. 67, s.n. (O) Crotty, gives the Gaelic origin of the surname as Ó Crotaigh.
Neither OCM or the Annals articles give an entry for Crotaig or for any name which might seem like a likely nominative form.
The medial h is added here for lenition. Sharon L. Krossa, "The Spelling of Lenited Consonants in Gaelic" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotlang/lenition.shtml] gives the pre-1200 lenited form of c as ch, and the post-1200 lenited form as ch or c. (the period here representing a punctum delens - a dot over the letter).
The CELT Corpus of Electronic Texts website [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/], "Annála Connacht" [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100011/text033.html] under 1256.11 gives the name Gilla Isa Mac in Crotaig
4: Clemente de Warrewyk - New Badge
OSCAR finds the name registered exactly as it appears in October of 2007, via Æthelmearc.
(Fieldless) An anchor per pale argent and sable.
5: David Chadwyk - New Name
Submitter desires a masculine name.
Sound most important.
David - Withycombe, p. 79-80, states that the name was used in England from the time of the Norman conquest, "was common in the 12th C and has been used ever since, though never a favourite name." Withycombe dates the spelling David to 1196-1220, 1285 and 1379.
Chadwyk - Bardsley, p. 167, s.n. Chadwick, dates Elena Chadwyk to 1379.
6: Gabrielle Winter - New Name
Submitter desires a feminine name.
Sound (English) most important.
Gabrielle - Gabrielle can be found dated between 1503 and 1618 in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Late Period French Feminine Names" [http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/french/latefrench.html] counts 15 occurrences (from a data set of 1953 women) of the name in the years 1503-1618 and gives the submitted spelling as both the modern French spelling and the most common medieval French spelling.
Winter - Bardsley, p. 819, s.n. Winter, dates Philip Winter to 48 Henry III (c. 1264). The name remains in current use.
The combination of French and English elements is registerable (Engelbert the Pious, 12/03)
7: Helewys Spynnere - New Badge
OSCAR finds the name registered exactly as it appears in July of 2007, via Æthelmearc.
(Fieldless) A wool-pack argent.
8: Isabele of Dunbar - New Device
OSCAR finds the name registered exactly as it appears in April of 2007, via Æthelmearc.
Per bend argent and purpure, a wolf rampant counterchanged.
9: Jok Macpherson - New Name & New Device
Per fess dancetty azure and vert, in chief a thistle Or.
Submitter desires a masculine name.
Sound most important.
Jok - Sharon L. Krossa, "Early 16th Century Scottish Lowland Names: Men's Given Names - Alphabetical" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotnames/lowland16/menalpha.shtml], counts five occurrences of this spelling, as a variant of John, dated to 1512, 1517 and 1520.
Macpherson - Black, p. 557, s.n. MACPHERSON, gives the origin of this Anglicized Gaelic name as Mac a' Phearsain or Mac a Phearsoin meaning "son of the parson." The entry gives an account of a Donald M'Inpersuyn/McMcpersun (mid 14th century) and further states, "Another Donald Macpherson, evidently of the same family, was rector of St. Columba, Glassrie, 1420, 'showing that the name was not a mere patronymic.'" It is unclear whether this statement documents the spelling Macpherson to 1420, or whether the name is normalized here.
The name has been registered nine times in the SCA with the submitted spelling (with the lower-case medial p) from 1988 to 2006.
We note the possible conflict with Ian MacPherson, registered January 1991 via the East Kingdom. An informal enquiry was posted the the SCA Heralds. We offer the opinion of Sharon L. Krossa, in favor of the registerability of this submission:
"Jok" is undoubtedly a diminutive of "John". It may also be a diminutive of other names, but the evidence quoted from the Court Book of the Barony of Carnwath makes it very clear that (one of) the name(s) "Jok" is a diminutive of is "John". However, "Jok" isn't a diminutive of (modern Scottish) "Ian" -- the trail from "John" (or rather "Johannes") to "Ian" is too long and goes through another language. So "Jok" and "Ian" should be clear of one another, as they are significantly different in sound and appearance and neither is a diminutive of the other...
10: Lasairfhíona inghean Uí Ghallchobhair - New Device
OSCAR finds the name registered exactly as it appears in December of 2007, via Æthelmearc.
Argent, two lions rampant addorsed tails entwined gules, a chief indented sable.
11: Margarita de Siena - New Name & New Device
Per pale argent and sable, on a goblet bendwise sinister inverted distilling a goutte de sang a daisy counterchanged seeded gules, on a chief three mullets counterchanged.
Submitter desires a feminine name.
No major changes.
In the preferences section of the submission form, the submitter lists "keep Margarita" as most important.
Margarita - Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Italian names from Imola, 1312: Women's names, alphabetically" [http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/italian/imolafemalph.html] counts three occurrences of this form in the data set. The introductory page states in part:
The following names are taken a taxation roll from Imola, Italy, south-east of Bologna, in 1312. Imola is in the Emilliano-Romagnolo dialect area of Italy (see "The Italian Dialects"). However, the tax roll was written in Latin, and so the spellings here (particularly for the men's names) may not represent the spoken form in use at this time. As a rule of thumb, the feminine names that end in -a are probably identical to the spoken Italian forms...
Arval Benicoeur, "Feminine Given Names from Thirteenth Century Perugia: Names Listed Alphabetically" [http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/arval/perugia/perugiaFemAlpha.html] counts 11 occurrences of the submitted form in the data set. According to the list by frequency, Margarita is the 13th most common name out of 612 feminine names represented in the data.
de - The Pennsic worksheet cites J. G. Fucilla, p. 106, as giving [de + <place name>] for local surnames. Garnet does not have this source and no copies were provided. The source is listed on the Appendix H "no photocopy" list [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/admin.html].
Siena - Maridonna Benvenuti, "Mercator's Place Names of Italy in 1554" [http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/maridonna/mercator/center.html] under Toscana lists Siena as a Town/City corresponding to modern Siena.
Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Italian Men's Names in Rome, 1473-1484" [http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/Studium/BynAlphaExamples.html#daSiena] counts four individuals with the byname da Siena in the years 1482-1484.
12: Ol'ga Godunova - New Name
Submitter desires a feminine name.
Language (Russian) most important.
Culture (Russian) most important.
Ol'ga - Paul Wickenden of Thanet, 3rd ed., p. 247, s.n. Ol'ga, dates Ol'ga to 940, Olga to 1630. Note that the apostrophe here represents the Russian "soft sign". In some transliteration systems, the soft sign is represented by an apostrophe while in others it is not transliterated at all but simply omitted. Thus, Olga would be an equally valid Roman-letter transliteration of the earlier citation. (See Wickenden, p. ix.)
The submitter's legal given name is listed on the submission form as Olga, although no proof of such was submitted.
Godunova - Paul Wickenden of Thanet, 3rd ed., p. 100, s.n. Godun, dates Godunov to 1500 and Godunova to 1626 in the full name Ivanova zhena Ivanovicha Godunova Orina Nikitichna. According to Wickenden, pp. xxiii-xxv under Feminine Patronymics, Godunova is the expected feminine form of Godunov.
13: Rubyn MakDonald - New Name & New Device
Sable, a wyvern displayed Or within an orle of mullets of six argent.
Submitter desires a masculine name.
Sound most important.
Rubyn - Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Index of Names in the 1582 Subsidy Roll of London" [http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/english/london1582.html] under Given Names of English Men [http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/english/engmasclondon1582.html] counts one individual with the given name, spelled as submitted, in the ward of Farrington Without.
MakDonald - Black, p. 486, s.n. MACDONALD, dates MakDonald to 1571.
14: Tadhg Sotal Ó Néill - New Name
Submitter desires a masculine name.
No holding name.
No changes.
Tadhg - Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Tadc / Tadhg" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Tadc.shtml] gives Tadc as the normalized Middle Irish Gaelic (c900-c1200) nominative form and Tadhg as the normalized Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c1200-c1700) nominative form and counts 40 individuals of the name (in various spelling variants) in the years 976-1607. The submitted spelling occurs from 976-1476.
Sotal - Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Descriptive Bynames: Sotal" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/DescriptiveBynames/Sotal.shtml] gives Sotal as the normalized Old Irish Gaelic (c700-c900) nominative form of this masculine descriptive byname meaning "[the] Proud/Arrogant/Overbearing" and counts one individual of the name in entries spanning 663-738.
Academy of Saint Gabriel Report #2612 [http://www.s-gabriel.org/2612], in response to a client seeking a feminine Irish name appropriate for the 13th century, discusses the descriptive byname Sotal.
The byname <sotal> means "proud, arrogant, overbearing." [3] We have only found it used in reference to one person, who lived in the second half of the 7th century. [2] We have no evidence that this epithet was used as late as the 13th century, so we can't recommend it as the best re-creation; but the word <sotal> was in use and it strikes us as a perfectly plausible byname [3]. Bynames with similar meanings were in use just after your period [4].
The footnotes are as follows:
- [1] Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals" (WWW: Academy of S. Gabriel, 2001-2002).http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/AnnalsIndex/
- [2] Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Dated Names Found in O/ Corra/in & Maguire's Irish Names" (WWW: J. Mittleman, 1999) http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/ocm/
- [3] Royal Irish Academy, _Dictionary of the Irish Language: based mainly on Old and Middle Irish materials_ (Dublin : Royal Irish Academy, 1983). s.v. Sotal
- [4] The following bynames support the usage of <sotal> "arrogant" in the 13th and 14th centuries: [1]
- Meablach "deceitful, guileful/treacherous/crafty" 1348, 1363
- Amhreaidh "quarrelsome, contentious" 1389, 1392, 1419
- Ainsheasccar "unquiet, restless" 1472
Ó - Sharon L. Krossa, "Quick and Easy Gaelic Names", under Clan Affiliation Bynames [http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotnames/quickgaelicbynames/#clanaffiliationbyname] states:
The standard way to form a name using an Irish clan affiliation byname for men is: <single given name> Ó <eponymous clan ancestor's name (in genitive case)>which means <given name> male descendant <of eponymous clan ancestor>
Néill - Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Niall" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Niall.shtml] gives Néill as the normalized Middle Irish Gaelic (c900-c1200) and Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c1200-c1700) genitive forms and counts 23 individuals of the name in the years 971-1611.
We note the temporal disparity between the very early descriptive byname compared to the post-1200 form of the given name. However, the Saint Gabriel article suggests that the descriptive name is plausible in a post-1200 setting.
15: William Peregrinus - New Name & New Device
Per bend sinister gules and sable, a cross bottony and on a chief argent a falcon rising winged addorsed and inverted sable between two roses gules.
Meaning (pilgrim and falcon) most important.
William - Reaney & Wilson, p. 493, s.n. William, lists a Rauf le fuiz William in 1299.
Peregrinus - Bardsley, p. 598, s.n. Peregrine, describes this as a baptismal name meaning "the son of Peregrine" and dates Peregrinus Barnard to 20 Edw. I (c. 1292). P. 593, s.n. Pegram, Bardsley gives the origin of Peregrine as OF pelegrin meaning "pilgrim".
Reaney & Wilson, p. 351, s.n. Pilgrim, dates Hugo peregrinus to 1189-98 and states that the name was "used of one who had made the pilgrimage to Rome or the Holy Land..."