Æthelmearc Internal Letter of Intent Æ116
February 1, 2009

1: Æsileif Úlfrúnardóttir - New Name & New Device

Sable, on a mullet of eight points between eight Bowen knots in annulo Or a wolf's head erased sable, all within a bordure Or.

Submitter desires a feminine name.
Language (Norse) most important.
Culture (Norse) most important.

Æsileif - Geirr Bassi, p. 17, counts one occurrence of this female name in the Landnamabok.

Úlfrún - Geirr Bassi, p. 15, counts one occurrence of this female name in the Landnamabok.

Geirr Bassi, p. 18, states that women's names not ending in -i or -a form the genitive by adding -ar, to which the suffix -dóttir is then added to form the matronymic.

Herald of Record: Alheydis von Körckhingen

2: Æthelmearc, Kingdom of - New Order Name

OSCAR finds the name registered exactly as it appears in January of 1998, via Æthelmearc.

Order of the Golden Thorn

Meaning most important.

Golden - an adjective meaning, "made of gold." The Oxford English Dictionary (second edition, volume 6, page 656) first dates its use to 1275, and the submitted spelling dated to 1548. The word in this context and submitted spelling are grandfathered to the kingdom by virtue of the registration of the "Order of the Golden Alce" in April 1990.

Thorn - a noun referring to a "Stiff, sharp-pointed, straight or curved woody process on the stem or other part of a plant." The Oxford English Dictionary (second edition, volume 17, page 973) first dates its use to 800 AD. The submitted spelling is dated to 1388, and we prefer to use the submitted spelling.

This name follows the accepted format for order names as set out in the Rules for Submission, III.2.b.ii, which states that order names are similar to sign names. The submitted name is similar in form [Order of the (adjective) (noun)] to the examples cited, including the "Order of the Golden Fleece," and the "Order of the Golden Rose."

Heralds of Record: Matilda Bosvyle de Bela Acqua and Edmund Tregelles

3: Aíbell ingen Chernacháin - Resub Device

OSCAR finds the name registered exactly as it appears in October of 2007, via Æthelmearc.

Argent, a dragon displayed sable maintaining a chalice and a needle Or threaded sable and on a chief triangular azure a decrescent argent.

The submitter's previous submission of Argent, a dragon displayed maintaining a chalice and a needle threaded and on a chief triangular sable a decrescent argent was returned at Laurel for conflict with the device for Robert FitzAlwyn, Argent, a dragon sejant affronty, wings displayed, and on a chief triangular sable a flame Or charged with a broad-arrow gules. The return commentary also stated, "If this general motif is resubmitted, we recommend using a tincture other than sable for the needle. The trouble that commenters had identifying the needle may have been sufficient grounds in and of itself for return." This resubmission addresses the conflict by making the chief triangular azure, and addresses the contrast issue of the maintained charges by making them Or.

Precedent holds that maintained charges must have "some contrast", but need not have good contrast, with the field:

[Azure, a camel rampant Or wearing a hat gules and maintaining in its mouth a bottle fesswise reversed vert] The hat (which functions as a maintained charge) and the maintained bottle both have insufficient contrast with the field. This is acceptable for maintained charges, which are not worth difference, as long as the charge in question has some contrast with the field. [Xenos the Butcher, 06/02, A-Ansteorra]

Commenters will note the complexity count of nine. Note that a design with a complexity count of nine was registered as recently as October 2008:

Gemma Beccari d'Arezzo. Name and device.

Argent, a six-petaled rose and a ford proper, on a chief azure two garbs Or.

...While this device has five tinctures (argent, gules, Or, vert, azure) and charges (rose, ford, chief, garb), for a complexity count of nine, the overall effect is not out of line for period armory. Therefore, it is registerable.

In a mini poll of this emblazon on the SCA heralds list-serve, Teceangl Ounce concisely summarized the points in favor and against this emblazon:

As to complexity... Critters maintaining things were very, very rare in period heraldry, even in those mad Tudor days. Critters maintaining two different types of charge? Vanishingly rare (as in I've never seen nor heard of such a design) in period. The criteria for the _rule_of_thumb_ complexity count is cohesiveness and clarity of design, as can be seen in a great many precedents set in the registrations and returns of armory exceeding a count of nine.

Point in favor of this design: visual cohesiveness. The monster is the undisputed focal point, the chief singly charged with a period charge, and even with the need to add azure to the tincture mix, it's pretty obvious what's going on. Also, the maintained charges are well and clearly drawn.

Point against: Two different types of maintained charges being held by a dragon not in a period posture loses the argument that the design is period in style.

There is a decent chance that this design might be registered despite the issue with complexity. I honestly cannot come up with a be[tt]er way to render it while maintaining all the elements. Suggest counseling submitter on potential problem and submitting it with hope.

Herald of Record: Alheydis von Körckhingen

4: Boi Quickfoot - New Name & New Device

Argent, in pale two rapiers inverted in saltire and a lion rampant, a bordure sable.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
Sound most important.

Boi - Lena Peterson, Nordiskt runnamnslexikon [http://www.sofi.se/servlet/GetDoc?meta_id=1472], p 34. lists Bói as a masculine header name and gives its origins as Early Danish and Early Swedish Bo and Old West Norse Bó, Búi

Quickfoot - Reany & Wilson s.n. Quick date Quyk to 1313.

The submission forms states: "Submitter prefers quickfoot, will accept Quick in any spelling."

The Corpus of Middle English Prose and Verse[http://quod.lib.umich.edu/c/cme/], in the work Cursor mundi (The cursur o the world). A Northumbrian poem of the XIVth century in four versions, Ed. by the Rev. Richard Morris, (London,: Pub. for the Early English text society by K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & co., 1874-93.) [http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=cme;cc=cme;view=toc;idno=AJT8128.0001.001] counts the spelling quick in 28 usages in the text, including "For to deme bath ded and quick" [meaning "alive"] in the section "What shall happen on Domesday".

Bardsley, p. 630, s.n. Quick, dates as follows: Robert Quic, 1273; William Quykke, 14 Hen VI; John Quicke, 3 Edw. IV. and gives the meaning as "one of active and lively disposition."

Ibid, p. 631, s.n. Quickman, dates as follows: Adam Quikeman 1273; Thomas Quikman 1303; Denis Quicman 17 Ric. II.

Hjertsteddt, Middle English Nicknames on the Lay Subsidy Rolls for Warwickshire, p. 109, s.n. Fote, dates Ernui Fot to 1066, and Nic. Fote to 1441, with the origin as OF[sic] fōt meaning "foot" and possibly the ON byname Fótr "foot".

Ibid, p. 111, s.n. Gadefot, dates Emma uxor Hug. Gadefot to 1327 and gives the origin as ON gaddr 'spike, nail' and ON fótr.

Ibid, p. 134, s.n. Lyhtfot, dates names as follows: Edith Lyhtfot, 1327; Cecilia Lythfot, 1327; Cicely Lithfot, 1332; and, Sim. Lithfot, 1332, 1327, and gives the etymology as OE lēoht, līht (OED c. 1000) and OE fōt, ME light-fot with the meaning as "one with a light step, a messenger".

Ibid, p. 166, s.n. Proudfot, dates Joh. Proudfot to 1332 and Gilbert Proudfoot to 1380, from OE prūd and OE fōt, with the meaning "one with a proud, arrogant gait."

Ibid, p. 200, s.n. Wecfot, dates Wecfot to 1379, from OE wāc meaning "weak, frail" and OE fōt.

Note the spelling -foot s.n. Proudfot.

The combination of English and Old Norse has been ruled one step from period practice [Oddr ölfúss the Tanner, 01/02]. The combination of Middle English and Old Norse has been ruled one step from period practice [Eirikr the Eager, 09/06].

Herald of Record: Bera the Blessed

5: Caitlin Stedefast - New Name & New Device

Purpure, a triskellion of unicorn heads reversed argent, a bordure argent mullety of six purpure.

Submitter desires a feminine name.

Caitlin - Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Caitilín" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Feminine/Caitilin.shtml] gives Caitilín as the normalized Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c1200-c1700) form and counts 10 individuals of the name (in several spelling variants) in the years 1411, 1471, 1486, 1490, 1506, 1527, 1530, 1568, 1582 and 1592, including variants with no accent. The submitted spelling, without the medial i is not found in the dated citations.

Stedefast - Reaney & Wilson, s.n. Steadfast, date Stedefast to 1296

Herald of Record: Bera the Blessed

6: Desiderata Drake - Resub Device

OSCAR finds the name registered exactly as it appears in January of 2007, via Æthelmearc.

Azure, in pale a duck's head and two swords in saltire, on a chief wavy argent three hearts gules enflamed proper.

The submitter's previous submission of Azure, a goose and on a chief wavy argent two ducks naiant azure was returned at Laurel in March 2007 for violation of the "sword-and-dagger" rule. The emblazon submitted here abandons the combination of ducks and geese.

Herald of Record: Alheydis von Körckhingen

7: El{z.}bieta Traidenyt{e.} - New Name

Submitter desires a feminine name.
No major changes.

El{z.}bieta - Walraven van Nijmegen, "Feminine Names from the Geminid Line of Lithuania" [http://www.geocities.com/Athens/1336/gediminidfem.html] cites Rowell's Lithuania Ascending as dating this given name to a period between 1295 and 1345.

Traidenyt{e.} - Walraven van Nijmegen, "Feminine Names from the Geminid Line of Lithuania" [http://www.geocities.com/Athens/1336/gediminidfem.html] cites this patronymic form of Traidnes to 1295 to 1345.

Herald of Record: Fridrikr Tomasson

8: Finnr jafnkollr - Resub Device

OSCAR finds the name on the Æthelmearc LoI of February 25, 2008 as submitted.

Gules, in bend a merlin rising contourny sustaining an axe bendwise sinister Or.

The submitter's previous device submission Gules, in bend sinister a merlin rising sustaining an axe bendwise Or was returned for conflict with the following comments:

This device is returned for conflict with a badge for the Barony of Highland Foorde, Gules, a lark rising, wings elevated and addorsed, sustaining in its beak an open scroll Or. There is a CD for changing the type of sustained charged, but nothing for the fact that it is sustained in the bird's feet rather than its mouth. A lark not having been shown to be a period charge, we must fall back on visual comparison. In this case, the main distinguishing characteristic, the beak, is obscured by the charge sustained in the lark's beak. Therefore, there is not a CD between the types of bird.

Herald of Record: Alheydis von Körckhingen

9: Gaius Sergius Vettius - New Name & New Device

Per pale gules and argent, three fish hooks and in chief a lucy counterchanged.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No holding name.
Client requests authenticity for Roman-Classical.
Language most important.
Culture most important.

Gaius - a common Roman praenomen. Example: Gaius Julius Caesar, a soldier of some note. Meradudd Cethin, "Names and Naming Practices of Regal and Republican Rome - Prænomen and Nomen" [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/roman/names.html] lists this as one of the 16 most common Prænomen.

Sergius - a nomen. Example: Lucius Sergius Catalina, aka Cataline. (http://encyclopedia.farlex.com/Lucius+Sergius+Catalina) Also the name of several Roman Catholic saints and Popes. (http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13728b.htm; http://www.ucc.ie/milmart/Sergius.html)

Meradudd Cethin, "Names and Naming Practices of Regal and Republican Rome - Prænomen and Nomen" [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/roman/names.html], under "Nomen" lists Sergius as occurring between 450 and 380BCE in Livy.

Vettius - a cogmonen. "LEGIO XX--The Twentieth Legion: Roman Names" [www.larp.com/legioxx/nomina.html] cites this as a nomen. The closest example of a cognomen offered is Vetus meaning "old", from Nova Roma, "Cognomen" [www.novaroma.org/nr/Cognomen]. Fridrikr Ravenstongue suggests Gaius Sergius Vetus.

Herald of Record: Fridrikr Tomasson

10: Hrafna-Erlendr inn rauði - New Name & New Device

Per pale indented argent and gules, a raven maintaining a tankard counterchanged.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
Sound most important.
Meaning (combining elements: Erlendr; red; raven) most important.

This is a kingdom-level resubmission. The submitter's previous name submission of Erlendr rauðhrafn was returned at kingdom on LoR AE109 dated February 25, 2008 for lack of evidence of descriptive bynames in Norse of the pattern color + animal. The device was returned for lack of an accompanying name submission. At the time, commenters had suggested that the per pale division line be drawn with fewer and steeper indents. The emblazon submitted here uses fewer and stepper indents than the one submitted previously.

Hrafna- - Geirr Bassi, p. 23, counts one occurrence of this pre-pended descriptive byname meaning "Raven-" in the Landnamabok.

Erlendr - Geirr Bassi, p. 9, counts two occurrences in the Landnamabok.

inn rauði - Geirr Bassi, p. 26, counts 10 occurrences of this descriptive byname in the Landnamabok.

The registerability of double descriptive bynames in Norse was established on the LoAR of May 2002:

Given these examples, a name using two non-patronymic bynames in Old Norse is registerable so long as the bynames could reasonably be used to simultaneously describe the same person. In the case of the submitted name, the two bynames mean 'shrieking' and 'woman from the Orkney Islands'. These bynames have different meanings and could both have described the same person at the same point in her life. Therefore, this name is registerable. [Þórdís gjallandi eyverska, 05/2002, A-Outlands]

Note that the meaning of the prepended by name Hrafna- is given as "raven", the animal; not raven meaning "black". Geirr Bassi, p. 23, s.n. hrafnasveltir, gives the meaning of that byname as "raven-starver, coward, battle-avoider." Thus, the raven was perceived as much for its habit as a scavenger as for its color, if not more so. Thus, the epithets "raven" and "red" or not necessarily mutually exclusive, and could have described the same person at the same point in his life.

Herald of Record: Alheydis von Körckhingen

11: Isabella of Sylvan Glen - New Name & New Device

Or, in saltire a rapier inverted and a rose gules slipped and leaved vert, a bordure purpure.

Submitter desires a feminine name.

Isabella - Withycombe, s.n. Isabel, dates Isabella to 1379.

Sylvan Glen - the branch-name Sylvan Glen, Shire of was registered in December of 1993 (via the East).

Herald of Record: Bera the Blessed

12: Jacques of Sylvan Glen - New Name & New Device

Azure, two chevronels between four estoiles, those in chief one and two, Or.

Submitter desires a masculine name.

Jacques - Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Names from Artois, 1601" [http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/french/french1601.html] counts 55 occurrences of the submitted spelling in the data set.

Sylvan Glen - the branch-name Sylvan Glen, Shire of was registered in December of 1993 (via the East).

Herald of Record: Bera the Blessed

13: Leiðólfr grímr - New Device

OSCAR finds the name registered exactly as it appears in October of 2007, via Æthelmearc.

Argent, a wolf rampant sable and in chief three bones gules.

Herald of Record: Gille MacDhonuill

14: Marcus Claudius Cincinnatus - New Name & New Device

Vert, a lotus blossom in profile within a bordure Or.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
Language most important.
Culture (Roman; reign of Augustus (turn of the millenium)) most important.

Meradudd Cethin, "Names and Naming Practices of Regal and Republican Rome" [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/roman/] states in part:

Later in the Republican period, a further refinement was added as the importance of the gens grew and the size of each voting tribe was such that differentiation within the gens became of important. The most common naming system used by the patricians (the nobility of the day), known as the Tria Nomina, consisted of three parts: The prænomen, the nomen and the cognomen (9)...

The pattern was even more slowly adopted by the non-patrician families, with the first examples of cognomina for the plebians dating to c. 125 BCE and not becoming popular for another century(12)...

[9] Preston, Harriet W. And Louise Dodge, The Private Life of the Romans 2:39-40.

[12] Benet, What's in a Name: A Survey of Onomastic Practice from 700BC to 700AC, p. 127.

Marcus - Meradudd Cethin, "Names and Naming Practices of Regal and Republican Rome - Prænomen and Nomen" [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/roman/names.html] under Prænomen lists Marcus as one of the 16 most common names.

Claudius - Meradudd Cethin, "Names and Naming Practices of Regal and Republican Rome - Prænomen and Nomen" [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/roman/names.html] under Nomen lists Claudius with occurrences spanning 495-38 BCE.

Cincinnatus - Meradudd Cethin, "Names and Naming Practices of Regal and Republican Rome - Cognomen and Agnomen" [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/roman/names2.html] under Cognomen lists Cincinnatus with occurrences spanning 480-368 BCE.

Herald of Record: Alheydis von Körckhingen

15: Padraig au'Chaeleichair - New Name & New Device

Sable, a lightning bolt bendwise argent between two quinces slipped and leaved Or.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
Client requests authenticity for 10th-14th c. Irish.
Language (Irish; early period) most important.
Culture (Irish; early period) most important.

Padraig - Fridrikr Ravenstongue states, "While I do not have direct documentation for this spelling, I believe it to be accurate."

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Pádraigín" [www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Padraigin.shtml] gives Pádraigín as the normalized Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c1200-c1700) nominative and genitive forms and counts 6 individuals of the name (in various spelling variants) in the years 1309 to 1601, including Patraigin in the 14th c.

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Máel Pátraic" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/MaelPatraic.shtml] gives Máel Pátraic as the normalized Middle Irish Gaelic (c900-c1200) nominative form and Maol Phádraig as the Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c1200-c1700) nominative form, and counts 35 individuals of the name (in various spelling variants) in the years 845-1312.

"Fragmentary Annals of Ireland: Annal FA 260" [www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100017/text014.html] dates Padraicc to 859.

OCM, p. 152, give Pádraig as the modern form, and states that it is a borrowing of the Latin Patricius meaning "a patrician". They further state that, "The early Irish, out of respect for St Patrick, did not use the name itself but such forms as Gilla Pátraic 'servant of St Patrick' and Máel Pátraic 'devotee of St Patrick'. They further state, "When used by the Anglo-Normans it was rendered Pádraigín by the Irish.

Black, p. 651, s.n. Patrick, gives Pádraig as the Irish Gaelic, and Patricc as the Old Irish.

The authenticity of Padraig was asserted in precedent as recently as December 2005:

Submitted as Padraig MacNaughton, the submitter requested authenticity for Irish language/culture. As submitted, this name uses an Irish given name and an Anglicized byname; for an authentic name, the name should be fully Irish. The spelling mac Nechtain is found in 1498 in The Annals of Ulster (found at CELT, http://www.ucc.ie/celt). We have changed the name to Padraig mac Nechtain to fulfill his request for authenticity.[Atlantia, Padraig mac Nechtain]

au' - intended to be a prepositional element. Fridrikr states that it "[a]lmost certainly should be ua'."

Chaeleichair - A byname. The Annals of the Four Masters dates Ceileachair to 1134 in an English context [www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100005B/text024.html] and Ua Céileachair to 1048 in a Gaelic context [www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100005B/text015.html].

Fridrikr proposes Padraicc ua'Chaeleichair as a corrected form.

Herald of Record: Fridrikr Tomasson

16: Phelan the Wayfarer - New Name & New Badge

Per chevron inverted azure and gules, an increscent, a decrescent and a wolf ululant argent.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
Language (15th c. Irish/English) most important.
Culture most important.

Phelan - a modern form of Faolan. We have no documentation of the modern spelling to period.

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Fáelán / Faolán" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Faelan.shtml] gives Fáelán as the normalized Old Irish Gaelic (c700-c900) and Middle Irish Gaelic (c900-c1200) nominative forms, and Faolán as the Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c1200-c1700) nominative form, and counts 19 individuals of the name (in various spelling variants) in the years 628-1423.

Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn, "Names and Naming Practices in the Red Book of Ormand" [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/lateirish/ormond-given.html#Given] lists Faolan as the modern form and counts one occurrance each of ffolan and ffoulinin the source document.

OCM, p. 92, s.n. Fáelán: Faolán, gives O Phelan as a derivitive surname.

MacLysaght, p. 245, s.n. (O) Phelan, gives this as a modern/Anglicized form of Ó Faoláin.

Wayfarer - a byname. The OED dates the word to 1440 (Oxford Universal English Dictionary, v. X, p. 2397, 1937) and gives the meaning as "a traveller by road, esp. one who journey's on foot."

Herald of Record: Fridrikr Tomasson

17: Raven Whitehart - New Name & New Device

Per chevron embowed argent and vert, two ravens purpure and in base a stag salient argent.

No major changes.

Raven - Reaney & Wilson, p. 372, s.n. Raven, date Rauen de Engelbi to 1185.

Whitehart - Reany & Wilson, p. 487, s.n. Whitehart, give instruction to see Whittard. S.n. Whittard, they date both William Whitherd and Gilbert Whithard to 1327.

The submitter requests a name combining the elements "white" and "deer", examples given on the submission form are whitehart, whitestag.

Bardsly gives:

s.n. Whitebull: Whytebull, 1379

s.n. Whitehorse: Whithors, 1358

s.n. Whittock: Wytcok, 1273

Reaney & Wilson give:

s.n. Whitebuck: Whitbok, 1313; Whytebull, 1379; Whittecalf, 1340-1450; Witecolt, 1225; Whitecou, 1327; Whytegos, 1334; Whitehorse, 1525.

Bardsley, s.n. Hart, gives: John le Hert, 1273; Johannes Hert, 1379; Agnes Hert, 1379; John Harte, 1578; Agnes, daughter f Henry Hart, 1599.

Hjertstedt, Middle English Nicknames in the Lay Subsidy Rolls for Warwickshire, p. 126, s.n. Hert, gives numerous examples of Hert dated 1202-1379.

Herald of Record: Yvianne de Castel d'Avignon

18: Sampson Feldman - New Name & New Device

Per chevron throughout argent and sable, two mallets inverted sable and a lion's head cabossed Or.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
Language (English) most important.
Culture (English) most important.

Sampson - Withycombe, pp. 262-263 , s.n. Sam(p)son, dates the submitted spelling to the 13th c., and to the years 1302 and 1346.

Feldman - Reaney & Wilson, p. 168, s.n. Fieldman, dates the submitted spelling to 1327 with the meaning "[d]weller in the open country, or by the field."

Herald of Record: Alheydis von Körckhingen

19: Suzanne Angelique Moscherosh - New Name & New Device

Per bend sinister argent and chequy azure and argent, a fleur-de-lys azure.

Submitter desires a feminine name.
No major changes.
Sound most important.

Suzanne - a given name, an alternate spelling of Susanne.

Bahlow, Vornamen, p. 94, cites Susanne (n.d.).

Bahlow/Gentry, p. 499, s.n. Susanne, gives the origin as the Hebrew for "lily."

Lord Colm Dubh "An Index to the Given Names in the 1292 Census of Paris" [[heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/paris.html#S]] lists Susane la coiffière.

Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Names found in a French Marriage Register, 1595" [http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/french/french1595.html] lists Suzanne De Lasset

Angelique - another given name.

Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Jewish Given Names Found in Les Noms Des Israélites en France" [http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/levy/] s.n. Angelique [http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/levy/angelique.html] dates Angélique à Mâcon et Ailleurs to the 13th century.

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Names Found in Ambleny Registers 1578-1616" [http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/Ambleny/FemGivenNamesFreq.shtml] counts five individuals with the name and dates the spelling Angélique to 1594. This same source counts two individuals with the name Suzanne and dates that spelling to 1606.

Moscherosh - a surname. The Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th ed., vol. 18, pp. 890-891, cites one Johan Michael Moscherosch (1601-1669). Fridrikr states, "The spelling variant in not intended, I believe." Copies are provided.

Roots Web, "Neumueller Genealogy", under ID no. I1490 [http://worldconnect.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:1887323&id=I1490] records the marriage of a man with the surname MOSCHEROSCH to one Catharina VON DER NEUMÜHL in about 1575, and records the birth of their daughter Anna Katharina MOSCHEROSCH in 1610.

On doubled given names, Academy of Saint Gabriel Report 1763 [http://www.s-gabriel.org/1763] states of double given names in Germany that "In the 16th century they cease to be a rarity, at least amongst the nobility and town dwellers, though the single given name was still the more common style." This statement is footnoted to the work, Schwarz, Ernst. Deutsche Namenforschung I; Ruf- und Familiennamen (Goettingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1949); p. 54.

Regarding double given names in French, St. Gabriel Report 3329 [http://www.s-gabriel.org/3329] notes that double given names were not seen in France until the 16th century; the report does not cite a specific source for this statement.

The combination of French and German is one step from period practice [LoAR 12/01, s.n. Amalia Künne].

Herald of Record: Fridrikr Tomasson