Æthelmearc Letter of Intent Æ121
October 25, 2009 (AS 44)

1: Angellino the bookmaker - New Device

OSCAR finds the name on the Æthelmearc LoI of July 19, 2009 as submitted.

Per saltire argent and sable, in cross a roundel counterchanged between four roundels counterchanged gules and argent.

2: Bera of Tavastland - New Name Change

Old Item: Marianna Molin di Salerno, to be retained.
Submitter desires a feminine name.
No major changes.

The submitter cares most about spelling and states: "Easy to read in English!"

Bera - Geirr Bassi, p. 14, counts 2 occurrences of Bera in the Landnámabók.

Zoega, A Concise Dictionary of Old Norse, p. 49, cites "Bera" as meaning "she-bear."

Sveriges medeltide personnamn on-line [http://www.sofi.se/5187], s.n. Biorn, cites the masculine form , Bero to as early as the twelfth century.

The Heimskringla [http://www.northvegr.org/lore/heim/001_04.php] cites Bera as the wife of King Alfr.

Tavastland - Academy of Saint Gabriel report # 1505 states in part:

Swedish place names could be incorporated into personal names in a number of ways. For small places, like villages, towns, or farmsteads, we found several constructions. One used the preposition i, also spelled j, jj, and ij: <Sto/rbio/rn i Akerby>, <Soni i Sonathorpe> [3]. The other is the unmodified place name: <Johannis dicti Fors> 1293 "Johannis called Fors", <Jacop Alby> 1485. The adjective form of a town's name is also occasionally used: <Iowan Holmbo> 1428, where <Holmbo> means "person from Holm". The most common construction from the names of larger places is the adjective form: <Iohannis Mo/rske> 1332, "person from Mo/re". Similarly, the surname <Skanung> means "from Skane", and <Tavast> means "from Tavastland". However, the unmodified place name is occasionally used: <Jonis Danmark> 1412 [4]. The last example was probably used by a man from Denmark who was living elsewhere.

[3] _Sveriges Medeltida Personnamn_, Vol. 1- (Uppsala: 1967-. bd. 1, bd. 2 h. 9-10; Bloms Boktryckeri AB: Lund 1983 bd. 2), passim.

[4] Mode/er, Ivar, _Svenska Personnamn: Handbok fo:r universitetsbruk och sja:lvstudier av Ivar Mode/er utgiven av Roger Sundqvist och Carl-Erik Thors med en bibliografi av Roland Otterbjo:rk som kompletterats och omarbetats av Sigurd Fries_, 3rd ed., Anthroponymica Suecana 5 (Lund: Studentlitteratur 1989, ISBN 91-44-29033-0).

Nordling, Carl O., About the Provenance of the Province name in Finland [http://www.carlonordling.se/Finland's_provinces.html] states:

The Swedish name Tavastland was used already by the Vikings. Spelt Tavestland it is seen on rune stones from about AD 1030. In these cases the name probably referred to a province in Estonia--the middle component, est, may obviously refer to the name of the people of Estonia, the eesti.3 As a term for to day's pro­vince so called, the name Tavastl­and has been known from about 1300 to present. The Finnish counterpart is Häme, a name occurring for the first time (in the form Hemen maa, 'land of Heme') in the cleric Michael Agricola's preface to his New Testament translation from 1548. In this case the Finnish and Swedish names are totally independent of each other.

The cover letter to the LoAR of January 2009 states in part, "To summarize, the following are all acceptable instances of the lingua anglica allowance...An accurate modern English translation of a documented, non-English locative byname, using the modern English name for the location (CL 06/2002)."

Encyclopedia Britannica (online version), "Gripenberg, Bertel Johan Sebastian, Friherre", states, "The collections Drivsnö (1909; "Loose Snow"), Aftnar i Tavastland (1911; "Evenings in Tavastland"), Skuggspel (1912; "A Play of Shadows"), and Spillror (1917; "Broken Bits") include more tranquil contemplative poetry." This supports Tavastland as a modern English translation of the Swedish Tavastland.

J. J. Nordström, Bidrag till den Svenska Samhälls-Forfattningens Historia efter de ..., Volume 1, p xii, [http://books.google.com/books?id=0DACAAAAYAAJ] has what may or may not be original spellings, speaks of Berthold Advocatus i Tavastland in 1297. This puts some form of the province name very near the tail end of Old Norse, and should remove any fear of temporal disparity.

3: Catherine of Oakden - New Household Name

OSCAR finds the name registered exactly as it appears in February of 2003, via Æthelmearc.

Scholars Way Inn

The submitter cares most about spelling.

Submitted to kingdom as Scholars Way, the household name was changed at kingdom to add a designator, as required by RfS III.2.b. which state, "Branch names, names of orders and awards, heraldic titles, and household names must consist of a designator that identifies the type of entity and at least one descriptive element."

We have the interesting choice of whether to parse Scholars Way as the name of a roadway, and therefore a locative descriptor, or as a group of people sharing the surname or sponsorship of a family named Way, since Way is itself a documented English surname (analogous to the phrase "The Brothers Johnson").

Insupport of the locative reading, the submitter provided only a printout of an unidentified (web?) page describing a so-called historic "Scholars Way" as "an unofficial footpath that connects Oxford to Cambridge through four shire counties using existing public rights of way." The article states further: "This is an historic route that has been in existence for 800 years. In 1209 students, who fled Oxford after the killing by bow and arrow of a local Oxford person, escaped persecution by travelling across England finally settling in Cambridge."

The AEthelmearc College was unable to find evidence that this footpath was known by the name Scholars Way in our period.

Regarding the plausibility of Scholars Way as a constructed name for a roadway, Myfanwy ferch Rhiannon's kingdom-level commentary addressed the issue, and we quote her here:

Cameron [Chapter 14, pp. 155-63] discusses the use of <Way> as a locative place name element (as well as that of <road>, <street>, <lane>, etc. Icknield Way (an ancient trackway later utilized by the Romans) and Fosse Way were amongst the "special privilege" roads in Norman times; this means that they were roads in which travelers were protected by the King's Peace. Cameron [pp. 160-61] says:

The four commonest names for roads and tracks of post-Roman origin are Broad Way, Hollow Way, Ridge Way, and Salt Way. The meaning of way [sic] in such names varies from `road' [sic] to `small track' [sic]. Salt Way is particularly common in Worcestershire and it has been shown that there were formerly a dozen tracks of this name leading from the neighbourhood [sic] of Droitwich.... Salt Way is found in counties other than Worcestershire both where salt- [sic] works were to be found and elsewhere, and it indicates a track used by pack horses to transport the salt....

[p. 161] Broad Way, Hollow Way, and Ridge Way are common and are in many counties and numerous villages and also farms have been named from them. Bradway (Db) [sic] and Broadway (So, Wo) mean `broad road' [sic], Holloway (Db, Mx, Sr, W) [sic] `road running in a hollow' [sic] or `sunken road' [sic], while Ridgeway (Db, K) [sic] and Rudgeway (St) [sic] mean `way along a ridge'. Some of the Ridge Ways certainly take their name from ancient trackways.... Way [sic], OE weg [sic], is of course common in minor names, but in vil- [sic] lage-names, except for the compounds just discussed and it has been estimated that only about 25 [sic] major names with a second ele- [sic] ment weg [sic].... Only two names in -way [sic] certainly have an Old English personal name as first element, Garmondsway (Du) [sic] from Gärmund, and Hanwell (O0 [sic], earlier Haneway [sic], from Hana. clearly ways named after a person was unusual.

Myfanwy's source is Cameron, Kenneth. English Place Names, new rev. Ed. London: B. T. Batsford Ltd., 1996, 1997.

Scholars - Scholar is a header form in Reaney and Wilson, p. 395, (as an apparent locative), and dates Adam del Scoler to 1332. According to the Compact OED, vol. II, p. 2665 (showing pp. 209-12), "scholar" defined as "one who is taught in a school" dates to c. 1055, in the spelling <scholiere>; defined as "one who studies in the 'schools' at a university, its usage dates to 1303 scoler. The submitted spelling dates to c. 1605, with the definition of "one who is quick (or the reverse) at learning" and comes from Rowley's Birth of Merlin.

Way by itself can be found as a header form in Reaney and Wilson [p. 479], which cites the following names (all of which appear to be locative bynames):

Roger de Waie, dated to 1194

William Waye, dated to 1236

Richard de la Weye, dated to 1249

John ate Wey, dated to 1279.

In support of the submitted spelling Way, Bardsley, p. 797, s.n. Way, dates William Way to a marriage record in 1637. Support for the spelling -way as a deuterotheme may be found in Bardsley as follows:

s.n. Broadway, Ernald de Bradeway, Hen. III-Edw. I

s.n. Heighway, William Highway, 1619-1620 (marriage license)

s.n. Holloway, Sibill Holloway, 1581 (marriage license)

s.n. Ridgeway, Johannes de Rygeway, 1379; John del Ruggeway, 1355;Hugh Ridgeway, 1577; Katerine Ridgeway, 1560.

The submitter allows all changes and specifically allows changes of word order to The Inn of (the) Scholars Way or The Fellowship of the Scholars Way

4: Dáithí Mór mac Cernaich - New Name & New Device

Per chevron azure and Or, two acorns inverted Or and a tree stump proper.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No major changes.
Sound (Dathi more mac kernan) most important.

Sumbitted to kingdom as Dáithí mór mac Chernaich, the descriptive byname was capitalized to match the documentation. We have removed the h from the patronym in light of the guidelines for lenition cited below. We defer to Pelican for guidance on the best late-period spelling of the patronym.

Woulfe, s.n. D'aiti, states:

*g.* id., Dahy, Davy, David; 91) an old Irish name meaning 'swiftness," "nimbleness'; borne by the celebrated King Dahy and retained by his descendants, the O'Dowds, down to recent times; and (2) a form of D'aibr'o, q.v.

Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Second Series, Vol. II (Dublin: 1879-1888) [http://books.google.com/books?id=7esAAAAAYAAJ] p. 202 state that the high king's given name was Feradach and that Dathi is likely an epithet, possibly of German or Frankish origin.

We find no record of the name Daithi in use in Ireland until just after our period.

The Limerick Diocesan Heritage Project, "Dromcollogher-Broadford Parish" [http://www.limerickdioceseheritage.org/dromcollogher/textDromcollogher.htm] includes a biographical entry for Dáithí Ó Bruadair (1625 - 1698) and describes him as "one of the last professional poets, whose work recorded the events in the lives of a ruling family in Ireland."

mór - Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Descriptive Bynames: Mór" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/DescriptiveBynames/Mor.shtml] gives Mór as the normalized Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c1200-c1700) nominative form of this masculine descriptive byname and counts 29 individuals of the name in the years 618-1562.

mac - Sharon L. Krossa, "Quick and Easy Gaelic Names" under "Simple Patronymic Byname" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotnames/quickgaelicbynames/#simplepatronymicbyname] states:

The standard way to form a name using a simple patronymic byname for men is: <single given name> mac <father's given name (in genitive case & sometimes lenited)> which means <given name> son <of father's given name>

Chernaich - Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn, "100 Most Popular Men's Names in Early Medieval Ireland" [http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/tangwystyl/irish100/] counts 28 occurrences of the name in the data set and gives the genitive forms as Cernaich and Cernaig.

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Cernach" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Cernach.shtml] gives Cernaig as the normalized Old Irish Gaelic (c700-c900) genitive form and counts 2 individuals of the name in the years 853 and 869.

Woulfe, p. 330, s.n. Mac Cearnaig, gives the meaning of the name as "son of Cearnac" and states, "The original home of this family appears to have been Ballymacarney in Co. Meath, but in the 16th century the name was found chiefly in Ulster, in the counties of Down, Armagh and Donegal." Anglicized and/or Scots forms include M'Carny, M'Kearnie, M'Karney, MacKearney, MacCarney, Kearney and Carney.

Black, p. 465, s.n. MacCarney confirms the Gaelic origin of the name as Irish Gaelic MacCearnaigh and dates Patrick Makcarny to 1529, Duncan Makkarny to 1539 and Jac. M'Carny to 1543.

Sharon L. Krossa, "Quick and Easy Gaelic Names" under "Descriptive Adjective with Simple Patronymic Bynames" [http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotnames/quickgaelicbynames/#descriptivewithpatronymic] states:

The standard way to form a name using combined descriptive adjective with simple patronymic bynames for men is: <single given name> <descriptive adjective> mac <father's given name (in genitive case & sometimes lenited)> which means <descriptive adjective> <given name> son <of father's given name>

Krossa states further:

Whether the father's given name should be lenited depends on period and dialect. In late period some Gaelic dialects (mainly in Scotland) would lenite the father's given name, but otherwise the father's given name was not lenited in men's simple patronymic bynames. Note that even in dialects that did normally lenite the father's given name, they did not do so if it started with the letter <C> or a vowel.

While support for the name is fragile, Garnet belives that the dating of the given name into the gray period (a birth is 1625) combined with Woulfe's assertion that the surname remained in use in Ulster in the 16th century support the submission as a late period Irish Gaelic name.

The submission form states, "Please fix the grammar of the byname, even if major change, if necessary."

5: Elizabeth Archer - New Name

Submitter desires a feminine name.
Meaning (Elizabeth the archer) most important.

Elizabeth - Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "English Given Names from 16th and Early 17th C Marriage Records" [http://heraldry.sca.org/names/english/parishes/parishes.html] counts 1015 occurrences of the submitted spelling dated 1539-1620.

Archer - Bardsley, p. 58, s.n. Archer, lists Alyce Archer dated to 1567.

The submission form explicitly allows any changes to the given name, but no change to the surname.

6: Euriol of Lothian - New Device Change

OSCAR finds the name registered exactly as it appears in July of 1991, via the West.

Vert, on a bend sinister doubly cotised argent three mullets vert.

Old Item: Vert, a bend sinister doubly cotised argent., to be released.

7: Katerina Alleye, called Kitalia - New Name

Submitter desires a feminine name.
Sound most important.

Submitted as Katerina Alleye, called Kitalia, the name was changed at kingdom to remove the unneccesary punctuation and to match the documentation provided. We have repeated the byname in the alias in order to comply with the submitter's concern for the sounds of the name.

Katerina - Reaney and Wilson, p. 260, s.n. Katerin, date the submitted form to 1208.

Alleye - Reaney and Wilson, p. 8, s.n. Alley, gives Walter Alleye dated to 1279 in the Hundred Rolls of Oxford.

Kit - Withycombe, p. 187, s.n. Katharine, dates Kit to 1379.

The submitter offered no documentation for Kitalia as a name, and none was found by the AEthelmearc College of Heralds.

We note the following precedent:

While this name violates the long-standing prohibition against names of the form X called Y, in the early records it is quite common to find people recorded as X cognomento Y or, later, X dictus Y, X genannt Y, etc. These are official documentary forms no different in principle from X filius Y; like filius Y, dictus Y serves to specify which X is in question. In Latin, German, and French it is a legitimate documentary form. Therefore, since names of this sort are documented we are hereby overturning this ban for those languages. [Jaelle of Armida, LoAR July 1996]

We note further that Katerina is likely a documentary form from a Latin context. Thus, Katerina Alleye dictus Kit Alleye should be a registerable name, with "called" acting as a lingua Anglica translation.

Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Feminine names from Devon, 1238" [http://heraldry.sca.org/names/english/devonfem1238.html] lists several individuals recorded with aliases. It is unclear from the article whether the term alias was introduced into the secondary source from which the data was taken or whether it is part of the original documentary form. In any case, the entried lend support that individuals were recorded with aliases in England in Latin documents in the 13th century. The examples given are:

Amice de Cadigdene (alias Agatha de Gatesdene)

Christiana (alias Christina)

Clarica (alias Claricia)

Cristiana (alias Christina)

Wimar (alias Wimarc)

Talan Gwynek, " Late Sixteenth Century English Given Names" [http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/eng16/eng16.html] under "Notes" [http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/eng16/eng16notes.html] lists several individuals documented in Volume III of the Index to Administrations in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury (PCCA), covering the years 1581-1595. These individuals are recorded with aliases, but it should be noted that most are foreigners. The entries include:

Christopher: Christopher De Witte alias Le Connte, of London, was probably from the Low Countries: the first surname is Netherlandish, the second, French.

Effemia: More familiar as Euphemia. She is described as Effemia Kickularis alias Vangisell, formerly wife of John Johnson of Antwerp.

Janikin: A diminutive of Jone. The name is given as Jone alias Janikin Mellinge, a widow, of Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk.

Pasco is Cornish; the other 2 forms refer to the same foreigner and show both a 'translated' and phonetically spelled form of his name. The entry is for Pasquere alias Paschall Vandermote, of St. Peter Brod [sic] St., London; the name is in record as Paasquier c. 1300 at Kortrijk (Courtrai) (Debrabandere, 140), and Paschall apparently represents the usual English Pascall (DES at Pascall, Pascoe).

Roman: There are actually two entries for this name, but they appear to represent the same person. One is for Roman De Barker alias Johnson, a merchant, of St. Olave Southwark, Surrey; the other is for Roman Johnson alias Barker, a merchant, of St. Olave Southwark (Surrey). The other data in the listings are identical. He was probably Italian: Romano is an Italian forename, and (De) Barker could represent any of several Italian surnames.

Correction (2009-Oct-26 11:10:39): I neglected to change to header information when finalizing this entry. It was our intention to forward the name as changed at kingdom to Katerina Alleye called Kit Alleye. I apologize for the error!

8: Khristian Pykh - New Name & New Device

Quarterly vert and sable, two spears in saltire argent.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No major changes.
Sound most important.

Khristian - Paul Wickenden of Thanet, 3rd ed., p. 143, s.n. Khristian, gives this as a variant of K[h]ristin. S.n., Wickenden gives the submitted variant as the name of a 2nd century child martyr, and dates the patronym Khristianova to the 13th century.

Pykh - Paul Wickenden of Thanet, 3rd ed., p. 288, s.n. Pykh gives the meaning of this masculine given name as "blaze". and dates the submitted spelling to 1506, and the variant Pysh to 1057.

Note the following precendent:

This appeal raised the issue of whether there is evidence for unmarked patronymic bynames in Russian. The submitter and commenters provided examples that could be interpreted as unmarked patronymics in Russian names. Furthermore, they found statements from authorities on Russian names supporting unmarked patronymics as a rare practice in Russian names. The evidence presented is sufficient to allow unmarked patronymics in Russian names as a rare, but registerable practice. Therefore, this name is registerable. [Marija Kotok, Sept. 2007]

9: Snæbj{o,}rn of Tavastland - New Name Change

OSCAR NOTE: 'Old Item' should contain the former primary name. The form that is there is not a registered name.

Old Item: Dagr snæbj{o,}rn Bjarnarson, to be retained.
Submitter desires a masculine name.

The submitter cares most about spelling and states: "standard English letters"

Submitted as Snaebjorn, the given name was changed at kingdom to match the documentation. Precedent states:

While Old Norse names may be registered with or without accents, other diacritical marks cannot be omitted without documentation. Therefore, we have changed the o in the byname to {o,} (o-ogonek) in order to register this name. [Disa blat{o,}nn, 08/2003 LoAR, A-Caid]

Originally, the submitter had disallowed major changes and had specified that he cared most about spelling using "standard English letters". The submitter was consulted, and he agreed to withdraw the prohibition of major changes.

Snæbj{o,}rn - Geirr Bassi, p. 14, counts 3 occurrences of Snæbj{o,}rn in the Landnámabók.

The Nordiskt runnamnslexikon [http://www.sofi.se/images/runor/pdf/lexikon.pdf], s.n. Snøybi{o,}rn, gives what appears to be an alternate transliteration of the Runic form of the name. The entry reads:

Snøybi{o,}rn mn.

Fvn. Snæbiôrn

F.l. → Snió-/Snøy-, e.l. → -biôrn.

Nom. snaybiarn U559

Given the submitter's preference for "standard English letters", this may be a preferable form, if registerable.

Tavastland - Academy of Saint Gabriel report # 1505 states in part:

Swedish place names could be incorporated into personal names in a number of ways. For small places, like villages, towns, or farmsteads, we found several constructions. One used the preposition i, also spelled j, jj, and ij: <Sto/rbio/rn i Akerby>, <Soni i Sonathorpe> [3]. The other is the unmodified place name: <Johannis dicti Fors> 1293 "Johannis called Fors", <Jacop Alby> 1485. The adjective form of a town's name is also occasionally used: <Iowan Holmbo> 1428, where <Holmbo> means "person from Holm". The most common construction from the names of larger places is the adjective form: <Iohannis Mo/rske> 1332, "person from Mo/re". Similarly, the surname <Skanung> means "from Skane", and <Tavast> means "from Tavastland". However, the unmodified place name is occasionally used: <Jonis Danmark> 1412 [4]. The last example was probably used by a man from Denmark who was living elsewhere.

[3] _Sveriges Medeltida Personnamn_, Vol. 1- (Uppsala: 1967-. bd. 1, bd. 2 h. 9-10; Bloms Boktryckeri AB: Lund 1983 bd. 2), passim.

[4] Mode/er, Ivar, _Svenska Personnamn: Handbok fo:r universitetsbruk och sja:lvstudier av Ivar Mode/er utgiven av Roger Sundqvist och Carl-Erik Thors med en bibliografi av Roland Otterbjo:rk som kompletterats och omarbetats av Sigurd Fries_, 3rd ed., Anthroponymica Suecana 5 (Lund: Studentlitteratur 1989, ISBN 91-44-29033-0).

Nordling, Carl O., About the Provenance of the Province name in Finland [http://www.carlonordling.se/Finland's_provinces.html] states:

The Swedish name Tavastland was used already by the Vikings. Spelt Tavestland it is seen on rune stones from about AD 1030. In these cases the name probably referred to a province in Estonia--the middle component, est, may obvi­ously refer to the name of the people of Estonia, the eesti.3 As a term for to day's pro­vince so called, the name Tavastl­and has been known from about 1300 to present. The Finnish counterpart is Häme, a name occurring for the first time (in the form Hemen maa, 'land of Heme') in the cleric Michael Agricola's preface to his New Testament translation from 1548. In this case the Finnish and Swedish names are totally independent of each other.

The cover letter to the LoAR of January 2009 states in part, "To summarize, the following are all acceptable instances of the lingua anglica allowance...An accurate modern English translation of a documented, non-English locative byname, using the modern English name for the location (CL 06/2002)."

Encyclopedia Britannica (online version), "Gripenberg, Bertel Johan Sebastian, Friherre", states, "The collections Drivsnö (1909; "Loose Snow"), Aftnar i Tavastland (1911; "Evenings in Tavastland"), Skuggspel (1912; "A Play of Shadows"), and Spillror (1917; "Broken Bits") include more tranquil contemplative poetry." This supports Tavastland as a modern English translation of the Swedish Tavastland.

J. J. Nordström, Bidrag till den Svenska Samhälls-Forfattningens Historia efter de ..., Volume 1, p xii, [http://books.google.com/books?id=0DACAAAAYAAJ] has what may or may not be original spellings, speaks of Berthold Advocatus i Tavastland in 1297. This puts some form of the province name very near the tail end of Old Norse, and should remove any fear of temporal disparity.

Correction (2009-Oct-26 12:10:36): The old item was registered as Dagr snæbjorn Bjarnarson in February of 2007 (via AEthelmearc). Note that the o-ogonek is absent from the old name.

10: Thomas Ouswood - New Badge

OSCAR finds the name registered exactly as it appears in September of 2000, via Æthelmearc.

(Fieldless) A lantern vert.

We note the submission currently under consideration from the East Kingdom: Griffith Davion, (Fieldless) A lantern vert. This appears as item number four on the East Kingdom Letter dated June 22, 2009. Because Griffith's badge is not yet registered at the time of this letter, we will not return Thomas's submission for conflict at kingdom.

11: Ullrych Sturm - New Name

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No major changes.
Language (German) most important.
Culture (German) most important.

Ullrych - Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "German Names from Nürnberg, 1497" [http://heraldry.sca.org/names/german/nurnberg1497.html] counts 232 occurrences of the name Ulrich in numerous variants in the cities surrounding Nürnberg, of which the submitted spelling is counted once.

Sturm - Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "German Names from Nürnberg, 1497: Surnames N-Z" [http://heraldry.sca.org/names/german/surnamesnurnn-z.html] counts one occurrence of the surname in the cities surrounding Nürnberg.

12: Ulrych Volckhart - New Name

Submitter desires a masculine name.
No changes.
Language (German) most important.
Culture (German 1400- early 1500's) most important.

Ulrych - Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "German Names from Nürnberg, 1497" [http://heraldry.sca.org/names/german/nurnberg1497.html] counts 232 occurrences of the name Ulrich in numerous variants in the cities surrounding Nürnberg, of which the submitted spelling is counted once.

Volckhart - Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "German Names from Nürnberg, 1497: Surnames N-Z" [http://heraldry.sca.org/names/german/surnamesnurnn-z.html] counts seven occurrences of the surname, six occurrences in the city of Nürnberg and one in the cities surrounding Nürnberg.

13: Verena von Talhain - Resub Name & Resub Device

Vert, a hedgehog rampant and on a chief argent an ivy vine vert.

Submitter desires a feminine name.
No changes.
Sound most important.
Language most important.
Culture most important.

The submitter's prior submission of Qara Erdene was submitted to Laurel on AEthelmearc XLoI AE114 dated November 30, 2008 and was withdrawn by the submitter on February 7, 2009.

Verena - Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "German Names from Rottweil, Baden-Württemberg, 1441" [http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/german/rottweil1441.html] lists the submitted form as a variant of Frena and counts one occurrence in the data set.

von Talhain - Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "German Names from Rottweil, Baden-Württemberg, 1441: Surnames" [http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/german/rottweilsur.html] counts one occurrence of the submitted form in the data set.

The submitter's prior submission of Argent, on a fess embattled-counterembattled purpure a polar bear statant argent was submitted to Laurel on AEthelmearc XLoI AE114 dated November 30, 2008 and was withdrawn by the submitter on February 7, 2009.

14: Vincenzo da Loria - New Name & New Device

Per pale azure and argent, two chevronels counterchanged and in dexter chief a winged lion rampant.

Submitter desires a masculine name.
Sound most important.

Vincenzo -

Juliana de Luna, "Names from Sixteenth Century Venice" [http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juliana/16thcvenice.html] lists Vincenzo among men's names recorded before 1600.

Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Italian Given Names from the Online Tratte of Office Holders 1282-1532" [http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/italian/tratte/] counts 61 occurrences of the name.

Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Italian Masculine Given Names from 15th- and 16th-century Viterbo" [http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/italian/viterbo.html] counts four occurrences of the submitted spelling dated to 1486, 1511 and 1522.

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Italian Men's Names in Rome, 1473-1484: Given Names with Examples (sorted alphabetically)" [http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/Studium/GivenAlphaExamples.html] counts one individual with the given name, Vincenzo da Narni, dated to 1483 and 1484.

Juliana de Luna, "A Listing of all Men's Given Names from the Condado Section of the Florence Catasto of 1427" [http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juliana/condado/mensalpha.html] counts four occurrences of the submitted spelling among 24,201 men sharing 1362 names (counting each spelling variant independently) or 869 names (grouping spelling variants and diminutives together).

da Loria - FactMonster.com, s.n. Roger of Loria [http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/people/A0842243.html], gives a brief account of the life of Roger of Loria, c. 1245-1304, a Sicilian-Argonese admiral. The article notes than Loria is also spelled as Lauria or Luria.

Wikipedia.com, s.n. Roger of Lauria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_of_Lauria], gives a more detialed account of Roger's life and naval career, and gives his byname as de Llúria in Catalan, and his full name as Ruggero or Ruggiero di Lauria in Italian. The article states that Roger was born "at Lauria or Scalea in southern Italy."

The online Encyclopedia Britannica s.n. Roggerio di Lauria gives Loria and Luria as variant spelling of the byname and gives the English as Roger of Lauria.[http:\www.britannica.comEBcheckedtopic332453ruggerio-di-lauria]

Lauria: Province of Potenza, Region Basilicata, Italy [http://www.italyworldclub.com/basilicata/potenza/lauria.htm] gives a brief history of the town of Lauria, located on the Noce river, which includes Lauria Superiore or Costello, traditional site of the castle of "Ruggero Lauria". The history gives the 11th century name of the town as Uria, which most probably acquired the definite article (La Uria) which then become incorporated into the name. From the 12th century, the locality was a Norman fiefdom, the first Norman baron of which was Gibel de Loira [sic] who was succeeded by Riccardo (1254-1266).

While the modern name of cited locality seems to be Lauria, it is unclear from the documentation whether the variant spelling of Loria dates to our period, or may even be preferable over the modern form. We have left the name as submitted to kingdom in the hope that the College's expertise and more vast resources will shed light on the matter.