This badge is intended for the Aethelmearc Equestrian Guild. A similar label (the Equestrian Guild of Calontir) was attached to a Calontir submission in 1990.

This is a resubmission of the order formerly submitted as The Order of the Grand Caltrop and associated badge, withdrawn by the Kingdom.

White - The OED dates its use as an adjective to at least 1300, with the submitted spelling occurring as early as the fourteenth century.

Horn - the horn is a heraldic charge used in Society and mundane heraldry. The use of the word referring to a "wind instrument, more or less resembling a horn in shape, and originally formed of the horn of some beast..." dates to at least circa 1000 AD, with the spelling "horn" coming from that time according to the OED.

This name follows an period pattern (color+object) for order names; both elements of the name are found in period exemplars as well. In "Period Order Names" by Kwellend-Njal Kollskeggsson, we find:

We believe the badge should be clear of Nicaret Grindal de Foix "Gyronny gules and vert, a spiral hunting horn reversed argent." There is clearly one CD for fieldlessness. We could find no precedent as to whether there is difference between a standard hunting horn and a spiral hunting horn (which looks a lot like a French horn). Visually, they're quite distinct.

The badge is intended for the "Æthelmearc Pages School."

The submitter requests that her name be made authentic for "9th century Pict/Scot;" when I contacted her about the modern form of her bynames, she also told me that that her name in the submitted form is more important to her than authenticity. The submitter will accept minor changes only. Submitted as Aethni Rannach na an tEilan Dubh, the name was changed to match the documentation provided for the given name. Her original submission Rhenna de an tEileran Dubh, with an identical device, was returned in-Kingdom for a lack of documentation of Rhenna. At that time, the current device was returned for lack of a name.

Eithne is an early Gaelic name. The Age of the Picts by W.A. Cummins, pg. 34, says that "in the Annals of Ulster there is a single reference to a Pictish princess ... where the death of Eithni is recorded." In addition, OC&M (s.n. Eithne) list women who died in 758 and 795. If the originally submitted spelling can be documented, the submitter will be very happy.

Rannach is documented as a word meaning 'songster, bard, rhymer, story-teller'. (The Illustrated Gaelic-English Dictionary, Edward Dwelly, pg. 748) (photocopies attached)

an tEilan Dubh - This is a direct translations in Gaelic for 'The Black Isle' as cited in Lost Kingdoms: Celtic Scotland and the Middle Ages by John Roberts, pg. 40 (photocopies attached). While this is a standard modern form, it should be registerable as such.

We could find no evidence of the charge blazoned here as a "double tressure wavy intertwined." Given that a single orle wavy would be acceptable, we think that these intertwined orles might be acceptable as a single weirdness.

Or, a camel statant proper, saddled and bridled vert.

The camel is brown.

The name was originally submitted as Aminah bint Mujelid Kitab;the byname was intended to mean 'the book-binder's daughter'. It was changed on the advice of Sion Andreas to make the grammar correct.

Aminah can be found in Da'ud's "Arabic Naming Practices and Period Names List" (http://www.s-Gabriel.org/names/daud/Arabic-naming)

There are ample examples of occupational bynames being used in patronymic constructions in Cairo (my research into Jewish names there; the bynames part is still unpublished, but the given names can be found in this years KWHS Proceedings).

About the byname, Sion Andreas said:

Baldwin is a header form in Withycombe, and Balduin and Baldewin are dated to 1086.

Hillshire is an invented place name. Names of the form Xshire are normally derived from a placename that is the center of the shire, such as Lancashire from Lancaster, Yorkshire from York, Hampshire from Hampton, and Wiltshire from Willton. Ekwall and Mill cite Hilton as the name of a town, which could be the center of the district. There are five places of that name cited with four dating back to the Domesday Book (book (with dated spellings of Hiltone, Hiltune and Eltone). The 'll' spelling could be derived from another entry, Hillam, dated to 963 as Hillam (in Mills).

Her name was registered in April 2000.

All elements of this name are from "Fourteenth Century Venetian Personal Names" (by Arval Benicouer and Talan Gwynek). This name uses a common structure: <given de patronymic + byname>. The more common standard form used da, but there are many cases using de.

Catarina is a common name in fourteenth century Venice. Zaneta is given for fourteenth century Venice; we believe that the masculine Zaneto is also plausible. Rizo is a byname meaning 'curly haired' in the same source.

Her name was registered in this spelling in June 2001. The device was redrawn to make the line of the dragon's head couped (in a straight line), rather than the unblazonable line on the original submission.

As documented (with a given name from 7^th century France and the name of a medieval Iberian kingdom), the name has a weirdness for temporal incompatibility (they're currently about 350 years apart) and one for cultural incompatibility. However, as the gap is not that great, we hope that the College can find a citation for Clovis either later or in Iberia (so that there will be only a single weirdness).

Clovis is the name of several Merovingian kings, including, Clovis I, 481-511, King of the Franks; Clovis II, 638-656, King of Neustria; and Clovis III, 671-695, King of Austrasia and Neustria. (An Encyclopedia of World History, William L. Langer ed., pg. 148).

de Aragon - My little book of kings of Spain (Tablas Cronológicas de la Historia de España by Pedro Voltes, Barcelona, Editorial Juventud, 1980) gives the earliest king of Aragón as Ramiro I (1035-1063). The name de Aragon is used for non-royal people before the end of period.

The device was redrawn to make the bordure embattled. Embattled should be drawn with the embattlements perpendicular to the line of the bordure, not parallel to the top of the shield. If drawn as parallel to the top of the shield, the top half is embattled and the bottom half is raguly, making it unblazonable and unregisterable.

As submitted, the name is almost certainly not registerable, as it mixes Dutch and English in a single placename. Given the wishes of the group, I am going to ask the College of Arms to search for a Dutch term equivalent to Keep. If a suitable term cannot be found, this could be registered as Cortland Keep. Petitions of support signed by a majority of the members of the shire are included.

The originally submitted Cortlandt is a Dutch name, which we believe to mean literally "short land," or a small or narrow piece of land. The name is found among the early Dutch settlers of New Amsterdam, now New York. Stephanus Van Cortlandt was born in New Amsterdam on 7 May, 1643. His father, Oloff Stevense Van Cortlandt was born circa 1600-1610, possibly near Utrecht. Oloff was a soldier with the Dutch West India Company, and arrived in New Amsterdam in 1638. Information about these names are found in the Encyclopedia of New York City, (Kenneth T. Jackson, ed., published by Yale University Press); and The New Century Cyclopeia of names, (volume 3).

In addition, the element Cortland is plausible as an English placename. The element Cort- or Court- is relatively rare in English placenames. The most likely meaning is not 'short', but the unattested (except in place names) given name Corta:

Corton 'Estate of a man called *Cort(a)' Cortitone 1086

Courteenhall 'Nook of land of *Corta' Cortenhale 1086

Both the above citations are from Mills. Ekwall adds Corton 1226 and Cortun 1130-5 and Cortes hamm 955 (s.n. Corton).

There are many words ending in -land; some mean 'region', but many mean 'area of cultivated land'. Placenames with the latter meaning, documented to period include (all cites from Mills):

Coupland 'purchased land' Coupland 1242
Buckland 'charter land' Bochelanda 1086
Marland 'cultivated land by a pool' Marlanda 1086
Newland 'new arable land' Newland 1248
Oldland 'old cultivated land' Aldelande 1086

There are even two that explicitly refer to ownership:

Kirkland 'land belonging to a church' Kyrkeland c. 1140
Rutland 'Estate of a man called Rota' Roteland c. 1060

Given this, Cortland seems a reasonable modern form of a place meaning 'land belonging to a man called Corta.'

Keep - Keep is a late period word referring to "the innermost and strongest structure or central tower of a medieval castle, serving as a last defense; a tower; a stronghold, donjon." This citation comes from page 375 of volume eight of the Oxford English Dictionary. The OED dates the earliest usage of this meaning to 1586 (photocopy attached). Keep has been registered as part of the name for approximately thirty-six local branches in the Society. Most recently, it was registered in November 1999 to the Shire of Crossroad Keep.

His name was submitted to Laurel on the June 2001 LoI.

The name is probable to be changed to Giliana la Rousse to make it authentic, though Gilian la Rousse is a possible vernacular form.

Giliane - Reaney and Wilson (sn Gillian) give SIGILL'GILIANE 'Gilian's seal' c. 1200. However, the name is in the genitive form, and so may not be appropriate as a nominative form. The most likely nominative form is Giliana, which is dated to 1198 and 1315. However, "Names and Naming Practices in the Registers of the Church of St. Mary's, Dymock" by Mari Elspeth nic Bryan have the following 16^th c. variants of Julian: Julyan, Julyane, and Gilian. These together suggest that Giliane is a reasonable alternative for late period.

"An Index to the Given Names in the 1292 Census of Paris" by Colm Dubh cites Aalis la Rousse http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/paris.html

The device was redrawn to improve the depiction of the nebuly. Properly drawn nebuly has a narrow neck and a bulbous end, rather than simply appearing to be a deep wavy.

Both Giovanni and Bartolomeo are found in Renaissance Italy (Rhian Lyth). Additionally, both names were found in 1427 Florence (Ferrante LaVolpe), where they were the first and sixth most frequently listed names respectively.
http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/ferrante/catasto

Webster's Geographic Dictionary, pg. 260 lists Corleone as a city in Sicily named Qurliyum in 9th century Arabic sources.

We believe that this name is justifiable for his period either with two given names, or as an unmarked patronymic.

The device is clear of Adriana Rose Sanford Purpure, a swan naiant and in chief a garden rose argent. There is one CD for change of number of the secondaries and a second for change in type of the bird.

Precedent has stated that the spelling Gwendolyn is not SCA compatible:

"Therefore the name will henceforth be considered 'SCA-compatible' in the forms Guendolen and Gwendolen, but not the modern Gwendolyn ... This decision can be thought of as an extension of the Rule of Two Weirdnesses: the name itself is one weirdness, and a modern spelling is another."

However it was pointed out that Gwendolyn Abrook was registered in 4/98. Therefore, I felt compelled to forward this in the current spelling rather than changing it to Gwendolen.

Reaney and Wilson (s.n. Dolphin) cites Adam filius Dolfin 1256 and Geoffrey Dolfin 1171.

Withycombe (s.n. Isaac) dates Isake to 1534.

Elford is a header form in Reaney and Wilson; William de Elleford is dated to 1195 and Thomas de Eleford to 1291.

This lovely device is in conflict with: Barony of Rising Waters Gyronny arrondi gules and argent, a lion salient within a bordure embattled sable. There is but a single CD for the changes to the field of field. There is not enough difference between salient and rampant for a second CD, as the body is in the same position, and only two feet are in different locations.

Both Lo_inn and Vikarr are found as given names in Geirr Bassi (p. 13 and 16 respectively). The patronymic byname was formed following the rules on pg. 17.

If this is registered, his old name Ulric Axelsson and device Per pale gules and sable, two arrows in saltire argent, overall an apple Or are to be released.

Both {O,}rn and Askell are found as given names in Geirr Bassi (p. 17 and 8 respectively). The patronymic byname was formed following the rules cited on pg. 17.

Clear of: Fredericka Jean Grey of Brackenridge Azure, a falcon jessed and belled, on a chief embattled Or, three horseshoes inverted azure and Elizabeth nic Dhiarmid Azure, a hawk close and on a chief Or two roses gules, barbed and seeded proper. In each case there is a CD for changes to the line of the chief and a second CD for changes to the tertiary charges.

This device is in conflict with Knarlic Wulfherson (Fieldless) A leopard's face per pale gules and argent. There is one CD for fieldlessness, but a leopard face and a lion head cabossed are in the same position and are too similar for a second CD. A revised device (with the tinctures reversed) is on LoI 52.

Submittted as Seóan O'Donndubán, the byname was changed to put the patronymic in the genitive form. It may mix early and later orthographies; we hope that the College can find an appropriate form of the patronymic to be temporally compatible with this given name.

Seóan is a variant form of Sean. OC&M (s.n. Seaan, Sean) say "[Seaan] was brought into Ireland by the Anglo-Norman settlers but it was soon adapted by the Irish. Among the variants of the name in use in the Middle Ages were Seóan..."

Ó Donndubáin - OC&M say that Donndubán (s.n. Donndubán) "occurs principally in Munster where it is borne by a number of ninth and tenth century princes. From it derives the modern surname O Donnabháin (O Donovan)."

The name is intended to be masculine. He requests that his name be made authentic for "Slavonic/Rus" language/culture, and will accept any changes.

Wickenden, Dictionary of Period Russian Names, 3rd ed. (s.n. Sergei) cites a Father Superior Sergei 1456-1471. http://www.sca.org/heraldry/paul

Bolotnikov is a byname meaning "son of Bolotnik." Wickenden (s.n. Bolotnik) lists Ivan Bolotnikov to before 1147. We believe that this is also the standard modern form, making it appropriate with the given name.

Tristan's name was submitted on the June 2001 Æthelmearc Letter of Intent. This is a redesign of his previous device, withdrawn from LoI 49 before it could be returned for violating the rules on marshalling.

Wickenden, Dictionary of Period Russian Names (s.n. Vladislav) dates Vladisla to 1016. http://www.sca.org/heraldry/paul

Wickenden (s.n. Nikola) dates Nikulich to 1135 (a patronymic form derived from the spelling Nikula). Nikola is only dated to 1517-8, so Nikolich should be registerable.

The name was submitted on the June 2001 Letter of Intent.

This is in conflict with: Belarus (Important non-SCA flag) "Argent, a fess gules" There is one CD for addition of secondaries, but nothing else.

The name was submitted on the June 2001 Letter of Intent.

Clear of: Middle, Kingdom of: (Fieldless) Upon a hurst of pines trees vert, a pheon inverted Or. There is one CD for fieldlessness and a second for the change in type of the trees from rounded trees to pine trees.

We hope that the College can help us with the form of the locative in particular. A previous submission Wladyslaus Polonus was returned by Laurel in July 2000 for conflict with various kings of Poland of that name. By choosing a specific location that is not a capital, he has removed any question of presumption.

Wladyslaus - variant on Wladyslaw, a name frequently found in The Polish Way, pg. 18.

Poznan is a town shown in a map of Poland in 1138 in The Polish Way, pg. 19. It may be a modern spelling but is still registerable. In addition, the website http://www.cs.put. poznan.pl/poznan/ginf.html appears to be official and dates settlement in the area to the 10^th century.